1007769 - FITOCHIMICA - BIOTECNOLOGIE FARMACEUTICHE APPLICATE ALLE PIANTE OFFICINALI
Module 1007770 - FITOCHIMICA

The course has the goal of giving the main information about biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in vegetable species together with their classification, their role in plants, and their use ad chemotaxonomic markers.

Particular attention will be given to the main extraction techniques to be applied in the treatment of vegetable matrices; a series of case studies and practical examples will be given during the class section. Hints on analytical techniques normally used in the determination of secondary metabolites in vegetable species will be also given.

Oral examination on the main topics treated during the classes; questions on secondary metabolism, extraction techniques and analytical techniques are very likely to occur.

Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.

Learning assessment may also be carried out on line, should the conditions require it.

SECTION I – 3CFU

• SECONDARY METABOLISM – INTRODUCTION primary and secondary metablites; role of secondary metabolites in vegetable species; factors influencing the content of secondary metabolites in plants
• THE THREEE SECONDARY METABOLIC CYCLES: acetate, mevalonate, shikimate pathway; building blocks and products of plant secondary metabolism
• SPECIAL FOCUS ON PLANT SECONDARY METABOLISM: carotenes, carotenoids, apocarotenoids: the metabolic pool of saffron; phenols and polyphenols: the different subclasses, from phenylpropanoids to anthocyanins; terpenes and terpenoids; essential oils, alkaloids

SECTION II – 3 CFU

• HOW TODEAL WITH A VEGETABLE MATRIX extraction techniques for volatile and non volatile secondary metabolites; cascade extraction, hydrodistillation, non conventional extraction techniques
• ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES normally used for the determination of volatiles and non volatiles in complex vegetable matrices; chemotaxonomy
• CASE STUDIES AND OPEN DISCUSSIONS

Alessandro Bruni, Biologia Farmaceutica, Edizioni Pearson, Capitolo 7 (pagg. 127-171); per approfondire Paul M. Dewick, Chimica biosintesi e bioattività delle sostanze naturali, Casa Editrice Piccin

Marco D’ischia, La Chimica organica in laboratorio, Casa Editrice Piccin:

Capitolo 2.5 (pag. 98-105); Capitolo 3.1 (pag. 111-120); Capitolo 3.2 (pag. 121-132); Capitolo 3.7 (pag. 152-163); capitolo 3.8 (pag. 164-182); Capitolo 4 (pag. 197-199); Capitolo 4.3 (pag. 219-238); Capitolo 6.2 (pag. 384-395); Capitolo 8.4 (pag. 639-653).