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C.I. ANATOMO-FISIOLOGIA E BIOCHIMICA

Teaching Staff

MARTA ANNA SZYCHLINSKA - Module Human Anatomy - BIO/16 - 3 CFU
MARIA STELLA CARMELA VALLE - Module FISIOLOGIA - BIO/09 - 3 CFU
GABRIELLA LUPO - Module Biochemistry - BIO/10 - 3 CFU

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Learning Objectives

• Human Anatomy
  

  The student should be able to demonstrate the knowledge about the structural organization of the human body at the macroscopic level, and the topographical relationships between the organs, correlating their histological structure with the function.

• FISIOLOGIA
  

  The course of Physiology aims to provide students with the information on the functioning of the human nervous systems. It will provide the foundation for understanding the functioning of living beings focusing on the structure-function relationships, their dynamic integration and the general mechanisms of functional control in normal conditions.

• Biochemistry
  

  After completing this module the student will learn the general knowledge on the molecular basis of life, the fundamental chemical properties of the substances, the structure and function of macromolecules involved in staying alive, both at the cellular and extracellular levels, and the metabolic transformations of biomolecules

Course Structure

• Human Anatomy
  

  Classroom lessons based on illustrative slides and theoretical explanation.

• FISIOLOGIA
  

  Frontal lessons

• Biochemistry
  

  Traditional lectures

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Detailed Course Content

• Human Anatomy
  

  Consult the educational program below.

• FISIOLOGIA
  

  Sensory Coding
  The Somatosensory System: Receptors and Central Pathways
  Touch

  Pain

  The Constructive Nature of Visual Processing

  Low-Level Visual Processing: The Retina

  The Inner Ear

  The Auditory Central Nervous System

  The Organization and Planning of Movement

  Striated muscle
  The Motor Unit and Muscle Action
  Spinal Reflexes

  The Control of Gaze

  The Vestibular System
  Posture
  The Cerebellum
  The Basal Ganglia

• Biochemistry
  

  1) Amino acids: structure, function, physical and chemical characteristics and their classification.

  2) Peptides: Characteristics of the peptide bond; examples of peptides of significant biological interest. Levels of structural organization and supramolecular protein. Levels of structural organization and supermolecular of nucleic acids. Chromoproteins transporter of oxygen: myoglobin and hemoglobin; structural and functional differences; factors that affect the binding of hemoglobin to oxygen; behavior allosterismo hemoglobin; role of hemoglobin in the transport of carbon dioxide; buffering action of hemoglobin; physiological and pathological forms of hemoglobin variants.

  3) General properties and characteristics of enzymes; Classification and nomenclature of enzymes, isoenzymes, complex multi-enzyme; enzyme kinetics, affinity and activity: the Michaelis-Menten constant, maximum speed and their implications; graph of the double reciprocal for the calculation of KM; enzyme inhibitors (reversible and irreversible, competitive, non-competitive and incompetivi; methods to recognize the type of inhibition). Regulation of enzyme activity; Allosteric enzymes;

  4) Vitamins, coenzymes and their role in metabolism (cAMP, cGMP, IP3, DAG, Ca⁺⁺) and their synthesis, action and degradation.

  5) The mitochondrial respiratory chain and its regulation, inhibitors and uncoupling; Energy-rich compounds.

  6) Structural and functional characteristics of the different types of receptors for hormones and growth factors receptors (7-transmembrane helices, with the tyrosine kinase activity, receptors for steroid hormones, thyroid hormone receptors); signal transduction pathways (protein Gs, Gi and Gq; intracellular second messengers (cAMP, cGMP, IP3, DAG, Ca ++) and their mode of synthesis, action and degradation.

  7) Metabolism: catabolism and anabolism. Respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation.

  8) Glucose metabolism: glucose transporters; glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; citric acid cycle.

  9) Lipid metabolism: lipogenesis and lipolysis; ketogenesis; plasma lipoproteins.

  10) Metabolism of amino acids: transamination and deamination; urea synthesis.

  11) Control of blood glucose: hormones (insulin, glucagon and epinephrine).

  12) Muscle metabolism during physical exercise: the protein composition of muscle cell. Energetic mechanisms in physical exercise: oxidative catabolism, anaerobic glycolysis, high-energy phosphates. The Phosphocreatine. The myokinase and the role of the AMP. Biochemical characteristics of muscle fibers. Prolonged aerobic exercise of mild to moderate intensity. Exercise of short duration high intensity. Metabolism of lactate: lactate transporters, aerobic oxidation of lactate, Cori cycle. Cardiac metabolism and exercise.

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Textbook Information

• Human Anatomy
  

  G. Barbatelli et al. - ANATOMIA UMANA - Fondamenti con istituzioni di Istologia - Edi-Ermes

  Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch – Anatomia Umana – Quinta edizione EdiSES.

  G. Ambrosi et al. - ANATOMIA DELL' UOMO - Edi-Ermes

  Digital Apps: Human Atlas, Visible Body

  PowerPoint presentations

• FISIOLOGIA
  

  Silverthorn. Fisiologia. Un approccio integrato. Pearson.

   

  Purves-Augustine-Fitzpatrick-Hall-LaMantia-McNamara-White: Neuroscienze. Zanichelli.

• Biochemistry
  
  1. Introduzione alla Biochimica di Lehninger – D.L. Nelson, M.M. Cox – ZANICHELLI
  2. Biochimica medica – Siliprandi, Tettamanti – PICCIN

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