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SCIENZE DELLA PATOLOGIA UMANA

Teaching Staff

MASSIMO LIBRA - Module General Pathology - MED/04 - 2 CFU
MASSIMO CARUSO - Module Immunopathology - MED/04 - 2 CFU
MASSIMO CARUSO - Module TECHNIQUES OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY - MED/04 - 2 CFU

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Learning Objectives

• General Pathology
  

  The course introduces the general mechanisms underlying the pathologies through the analysis of the various etiologic factors and pathogenesis of diseases, with particular regard to cellular and molecular mechanisms. At the end of the course, the student should be able to understand the cellular and molecular basis of the pathology including oncology. Frontal teaching will be supplemented by some seminars. For the student's education, information material will be distributed (relevant scientific articles) so that students can get used to the critical analysis of scientific articles.

• Immunopathology
  

  At the end of the course the student will know the organization of the immune system, the main cells that compose it and the mediators through which the immune defences implement their action against etiologic agents. It will also know the pathology on an immune basis so as to be able to correctly perform and interpret laboratory tests for the study of the immune system and of the related pathological phenomena.

• TECHNIQUES OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
  

  Knowledge of the principles of immunological techniques for application in quantitative and diagnostic analyzes

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Detailed Course Content

• General Pathology
  

  Etiology

  Pathological events

  Basic concepts in pathology and general pathophysiology

  Concept of health and illness; etiology and pathogenesis;

  Chemical, physical and biological agents as a cause of illness. Biological effects of exciting and ionizing radiations. Electricity, hot and cold as a cause of illness.

  Genetic pathology

  Modalities of transmission of hereditary diseases. Models of Human Genetic Diseases.

  Cellular Pathology

  Cell regressive processes common to various types of pathologies (including glycogen, lipid and mucopolysaccharide accumulation processes). Causes of necrosis (vascular, immunological, metabolic). Importance of apoptosis in physiological and pathological processes: mechanisms. Interactions between the extracellular environment and cellular pathology, with the consequences on the functionality of parenchymas, considering both the alterations of connective components (collagen, elastin) and abnormal (inflammatory, amyloidous, fibrous) accumulation phenomena. Mechanisms and causes of hypotropy

  Inflammation

  Acute and chronic inflammation. Vascular phenomena, inflammatory cells, chemical mediators, phagocytosis, exudate formation and exudate types, granulomas, repair processes.

  The fever

  Physiopathology of thermoregulation. Endogenous and exogenous pyrogens. Types of fever.

  Immunology and immunopathology

  Cells of the immune system, immune response and immunoregulation mechanisms. Anti-infectious immunity. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. Tolerance and autoimmunity, major autoimmune diseases. Congenital and acquired immunodeficiency. Iperimmunoglobulinemie. Immunology of transplants. Antitumor Immunity.

  Oncology

  Control and alterations of cell proliferation and differentiation; hyperplasia, hypertrophy, metaplasia, anaplasia. Molecular bases of neoplastic transformation: oncogenes and oncosoppressor genes. Morphology of the neoplastic cell. Invasiveness and metastasis. Promotion and tumor progression. Apoptosis and angiogenesis in tumors. Chemical, physical and viral cancer. Antigens and tumor markers. Classification criteria for tumors. Organic Therapies.

  General pathophysiology of blood and hemostasis

  Pathologic erythropoiesis, anemia and alterations in the coagulative process, leukemia.

  Circulatory Pathology:

  Hypertension, shock, haemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, heart attack, atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis.

  General pathopathology of the digestive system

  Physiopathology of exocrine liver and pancreas. Alterations of digestion and absorption.

• Immunopathology
  

  - Immune system: innate immunity, acquired (mediated and humoral cell)

  - Antibodies and antigen-antibody reaction

  - Lymphocytes and their subpopulations

  - Cytokines and other mediators of the immune response

  - The immune system and tumors

  - Pathologies of immunological origin

  - Hypersensitivity

  - Autoimmunity

• TECHNIQUES OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
  

  - Antigen-antibody reaction

  - Monoclonal antibodies and their use in the laboratory

  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

  - Immunofluorescence

  - Cytofluorimetry

  - Cell Functional Assays in the Laboratory

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Textbook Information

• General Pathology
  

  1) G.M. Pontieri, Russo, Frati – Patologia generale, III Edizione - Casa Editrice PICCIN
  2) Tim D. Spector, John S. Axford - Introduzione alla Patologia Generale - Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

• Immunopathology
  

  Immunopatologia – Biologia e Patologia del Sistema Immunitario – J.R. Regueiro González, C. López Larrea, S. González Rodríguez, E Martinez Naves – Piccin Editore

• TECHNIQUES OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
  

  Immunopatologia – Biologia e Patologia del Sistema Immunitario – J.R. Regueiro González, C. López Larrea, S. González Rodríguez, E Martinez Naves – Piccin Editore

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