The electrical signals of neurons;
Sensory system of the brain: touch, pain, proprioception;
Phototransduction and information processing in the retina;
Central visual pathways;
The sense of balance: changes in movement or position of the head: utricle, saccule and semicircular ducts
Vestibular reflexes
Muscles: effectors of the motor system and spinal reflexes;
The Posture
The motor areas of the cerebral cortex
The basal ganglia
The cerebellum
Organization of visceral nervous system;
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1) Purves-Augustine-Fitzpatrick-Hall-LaMantia-McNamara-White: Neuroscienze. Zanichelli.
2) Silverthorn: Fisiologia, un approccio integrato. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana