BOTANY

Autotrophic prokaryotes - Cyanobacteria. Autotrophic eukaryotes - The plant cell (cell wall, plastids, vacuole). Reproduction in plants - Vegetative reproduction, sporogony, sexual reproduction, life cycles. Fungi - Morphology, reproduction and life cycles; general characteristics of Oomycota, Zygomicota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota. Lichens. Plant and algae organization - Unicellular, colonial, multicellular, thallophytes, cormophytes. Thallophytes – The Algae: cell biology, morphology, reproduction and life cycles of Rhodophyta, Bacillariophyta, Phaeophyta, Chlorophyta. Bryophytes - morphology, reproduction, life cycle, general characteristics of Marchantiophyta, Bryophyta, Anthocerotophyta. Cormophytes - plant tissues: features, functions and location. Plant organs (root, stem, leaf) and their functions. The seedless vascular plants: morphology, reproduction and life cycles, general characteristics of Rhyniophyta, Lycophyta, Sphaenophyta, Pterophyta. Seed plants - General characteristics, male and female reproductive organs, flower and inflorescences, pollination, sexual reproduction, embryo, seed and fruit. Gymnosperms: life cycle, general characteristics of Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Coniferophyta, Gnetophyta. Angiosperms: life cycle.

Ray F. Evert, Susan E. Eichhorn. La biologia delle piante di Raven. Zanichelli.

Gabriella Pasqua, Giovanna Abbate, Cinzia Forni. Botanica generale e Diversità vegetale. Piccin.

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