1. Essential and differential characteristics of the main bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and other parasites responsible for human infections:
- Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Neisseria, Branhamella, Mycobacterium, Streptomyces, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Bartonella, Listeria, Gardnerella, Bacillus, Clostridium, Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus, Pasteurella, Vibrio, Legionella, Brucella, Bordetella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Chlamydiaceae, Rickettsiales, Spirochetales.
- Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomavirus e Polyomavirus umani, Parvoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviridae, Reoviridae, retrovirus umani, Togaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, virus delle epatiti (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV, HGV).
- Fungi
- Dimorphic primary pathogens responsible for systemic mycoses:
- Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immits , Paracoccidioides brasiliensis .
- Superficial Mycoses:
- Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., Malassezia furfur, Exophiala werneckii, Trichosporon beigelii, Piedraia hortae, Candida spp.
- Cutaneus mycoses:
- Dermatophytoses: Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton spp.
- Dermatomycoses: Candida albicans, Hendersonula toruloidea, Scytalidium hyalium (Natrassia spp.), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis.
- Main agents of Subcutaneous mycoses
- Opportunistic pathogens responsible for various forms of mycosis:
- Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans (Systemic mycoses), Zygomyces spp., Trichosporon spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp.
- Notes on Microsporidiosis and Pneumocystis spp
- Parasites
- Protozoa:
- Sarcomastigophora: flagellated (Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas spp.); haemoflagellates (Trypanosoma spp., Leishmania spp.); amoebas (Entamoeba histolytica, Acanthamoeba spp).
- Apicomplexa: Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Criptosporidium parvum, Isospora (cenni), Eimeria (cenni) parassitosi opportunistiche.
- Ciliophora: Balantidium coli
- Helminths:
- Cestoda:
- Echinococcus spp., Taenia spp.
- Trematoda:
- Schistosoma spp., Paragonimus spp., Fasciola hepatica, Opistorchis spp.
- Nematoda:
- Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichinella spp., Filarie (Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus , Wuchereria bancrofti, Loa loa)
2. The different possibilities of infection and spread of infectious diseases;
- The normal human microbiota.
- Epidemiology of infectious diseases
- General aspects
- Epidemiological terminology
- Frequency indices
- Recognition of an infectious disease within a population
- Recognition of an epidemic
- The infectious cycle: history of a disease
- Carriers and reservoirs
- Human microbiota
- Microbiota models for apparatuses
- The role of micrbiota
- Dysbiosis and loss of resilience
3. The infection control and general knowledge on the prevention of infectious diseases;
- Sterilization and disinfection techniques
- Sterilization by physical methods
- Sterilization by chemical methods
- Preparation of culture media in the microbiology laboratory
- Sterilization of the workplace
- Disinfectants
- Objectives and methods of carrying out disinfection
- Targets and mechanisms of action of disinfectants
- Types of disinfectants
- Methods for assessing the effectiveness and activity of disinfectants
- Biosafety
- Legislative decree 81/2008 and the management of microbiological risk
- The bioassay in the clinical microbiology laboratory
- Susceptibility tests
- Classical methods
- Automated methods
- The biological dosage of antibiotic concentrations in various organs and apparatuses
- Non-biological techniques for the biological dosage of antibiotic concentrations in various organs and apparatuses
- Procedures for the storage of microorganisms
4. Diagnosis of bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoal diseases;
- Clinical microbiology laboratory
- Cultivation methods
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Independent culture techniques
- Histological techniques
- Molecular techniques
- Amplification of the target
- Amplification of the probe
- Amplification of the signal
- Hybridization
- Sequencing
- Proteomics (MALDI-TOF etc.)
- Chromatographic techniques
- Other techniques
- Serological techniques
- Fluorescent assay
- Immunoassay
- Immunochromatografic assay
5. The microbiological quality control, diagnostic principles for food microbiology and environmental microbiology in health care.
- The microbiological quality control, diagnostic principles for food microbiology and environmental microbiology in health care
- ISO and UNI EN procedures
- Procedures for microbiological food control
- Risk and risk management
- The HACCP system
- The concept of limit
- Current legislation
- Environmental control in the healthcare environment
- Application scope
- Sampling techniques
- Air
- Surfaces
- Water
- Others
- Microbiological evaluation of samples
- Cultivation techniques
- Independent culture techniques
- Molecular independent culture techniques
- Current legislation
6. Diagnostic models applied to infections
- of the respiratory system
- of the cardiovascular system
- of the integumentary apparatus
- of the digestive system
- of the urinary system
- of the reproductive system
- of the muscular system
- of the skeletal system
- of the nervous system and sense organs
7. New and old integrated diagnostic methods and polyphasic approaches
- Next sequencing techniques in the clinical micobiology laboratory
- Raman spectroscopy to type bacterial strains
- Application of biosensors in clinical microbiology
- Rapid methods in clinical microbiology
- Methods in human microbial ecology
- Cultivation techniques
- Methods to evaluate microbial diversity
- Methods to evaluate microbial community activities
- Chemotaxonomy methods
- Omic applications in clinical microbiology
- Microbiomics
- Metagenomics
- Metabolomics
- Other “omics”
- The polyphasic methods in clinical microbiology
- Main features