FISICA TECNICA E IMPIANTI

Provide basic methodology for setting the thermal energy balance of systems. Equation of heat and mass balance. Deepening of the main physical phenomena and definition of mathematical models that represent them. Knowledge of main air treatments in HVAC systems. Design of heating and domestic hot water system for residential users. The knowledge of the features characterizing the architectonic acoustics. Particular attention will be paid to the link between the studied physical phenomena and their applications in the field of energy conservation, the global welfare of the occupants. This course aims to provide the skills that form the basis for a conscious design to issues related to energy and the environment.

Fundamentals of Thermodynamics

a) The Thermodynamic System

International System of measurement units. Definitions and measurability of internal energy. The heat energy as a mode of exchange. The first principle of thermodynamics in expanded form.

b) state of equilibrium.

Magnitudes of physical condition and location. intensive and extensive quantities. Dependence of the work and the heat of the type of thermodynamic process. The entropic postulates. Reversible and irreversible processes. quasi-static transformations. Gibbs equation.

The second law of thermodynamics (Clausius and Kelvin).

c) The ideal gas

State equations. Specific heat at P and V constant. Transformations at T, P, V constant. adiabatic quasistatic. Entropy of an ideal gas. Notes on the behavior of real gases.

d) The diagrams of physical state.

The diagrams (P-T), (p-v), (t-s). Steam water. Major transformations of the water vapor.

Vapor title. The MOLLIER diagram (h-s) for the water vapor.

e) Direct and inverse cycles.

Cyclical Processes . Direct steam cycles (Rankine and Hirn), gas turbines and Joule Bryton cycles. The refrigerator cycle. isoentropic efficiency. absorption refrigeration cycles.

f) Moist air.

The fundamental values. psychometric diagrams for the humid air. The humid air transformations. temperature of saturation and dew point temperature. processes for summer and winter conditioning.

HEAT and hints of fluid dynamics

g) motion of fluids

Bernoulli equation. Similitude, dimensional analysis and modeling. Internal and external flows. Fluid flow in the ducts. Reynolds number. Flow regimes of a liquid in a conduit.

(Regimes: laminar, turbulent and transitional). Friction factor. Coefficients of dynamic and kinematic viscosity. Profiles of velocity .

h) Heat transfer by conduction

The Fourier postulated. The energy balance in a steady state . The flat plate; the multilayer planar walls (with and without thermal power generation). Electric analogy. The energy balance in the case of cylindrical symmetry. Insulated pipe. electrical analogy. The critical radius. Unsteady conduction: Biot number; method of concentrated capacity.

i) Heat transfer by convection.

external flow and internal flow to the surface. boundary layer. the boundary layer assumptions.

l) Forced convection:

dimensionless groups for forced convection and

similarity. dimensionless groups for the natural convection.

experimental dimensionless correlations for the forced heat convection to the main

heat exchange configurations of outside and inside surfaces of conduits.

m) Natural convection:

General consideration. constitutive equations for natural convection. Hypothesis Boussinesque. Natural convection in open spaces.

m) heat transfer by radiation

Emissive power. Irradiation. monochrome and overall . The black body: laws of

Planck, Stefan-Boltzmann, Wien. The coefficients of absorption, reflection, transmission and emission. Kirchhoff's law. The gray body. heat exchange between blacks bodies: the form factor.

ENERGY AND TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

n) HEATING SYSTEM

Combustion Background. Heat generators. Heat exchangers. Hydronic distribution networks. Pressure drops continuous and localized. Moody chart.

Darcy-Weisbach formula, Chézy, Colebrook, of Kutter and Darcy. Power of a machine

Operating hydraulic (pump). Calculation of the manometric prevalence and total of a pump. Characteristic curves. emission terminals. Hints on Control Systems

ACOUSTIC

Elements of acoustics

Main acoustical parameters. Propagation of sound waves. Equivalent sound level. Spectral analysis. Sound-absorbing materials and structures. Passive acoustic requirements of buildings.

TESTI CONSIGLIATI:

• Termodinamica e trasmissione del calore CENGEL YUNUS A. - McGraw-Hill
• Elementi di Fisica Tecnica per l’ingegneria Michael J. Moran et al. McGraw-Hill
• Trasmissione del Calore. Bonacina A., Cavallini A. , Mattarolo L., CLEUP Padova
• Manuale di Acustica Applicata, Spagnolo R., Utet
• La progettazione degli impianti di climatizzazione negli edifici –EPC Magrini Anna Magnani Lorenza -
• Dispense del Docente