DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SURGERY AND MEDICAL-SURGICAL SPECIALTIES
Master's Degree in School of Dentistry
Academic Year 2016/2017 - 1° Year

CHIMICA MEDICA E PSICOLOGIA

Teaching Staff

Learning Objectives

• CHIMICA MEDICA
  
  The most complex activities of bio-organisms have their roots on chemical processes. A fascinating area of study is the minute research of how chemical reactions may determine the behavior of bio-organisms we see. To better understand and utilize the contents of biomedical and dentistry disciplines such as biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, molecular pathology and pharmacology we must know their chemical bases. They foresee the elaboration and derivation of properties belonging to gases, liquids, solutions, organic molecular structures, and their determinism in macromolecular systems, biological homeostasis laws, mechanisms of biological redox reactions, membrane phenomena and dental materials employed in oral cavity.
• General Psychology
  

  The course intends to introduce the students to the knowledge of the General Psychology furnishing adjourned notions on the areas of investigation that characterizes it (exploration of the trials and the cognitive, motivational and emotional mechanisms of the human mind).

Detailed Course Content

• CHIMICA MEDICA
  
  Fundamentals of the atomic structure, atomic particles and model with orbitals. Radioactivity: characteristics of radiations and their biological effects. Stable and unstable isotopes and their importance in biology and medicine. Atomic properties, electronic configurations and Periodic Table. Chemical bonding. Ionic, covalent, coordinative, hydrogen bond, Van der Waals forces. Chemical resonance. Geometry of simple molecules. Orbital hybridization. Coordination complexes and biological macromolecules (hemoglobin, cytochromes, vitamin B12, etc.). Chemical systematics: acidic and basic oxydes, hydroxides, acids; salts neutral, acidic and basic peroxydes, hydrures. General characteristics and properties of the solid, liquid and gaseous state. Laws of ideal gases and their importance in breathing. State passages. Water state diagram. Solutions: water as a solvent. Molarity, normality, molality, molar fraction. Concentrations of some electrolytes in biological matrices. Colligative properties: cryoscopy, osmotic pressure and its biological meaning. Hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic solutions and their use in medicine. Osmole concept. Electrolytes, dissociation grade, ionic strength. Chemical reactions. Kinetics and factors influencing the reaction velocity. Reaction order. Reaction energy and catalysis. Catalysis relevance in biology: on overview of enzymatic catalysis. Chemical equilibrium: law of the mass action. Principle of mobile equilibrium. Simple concepts on thermodynamics: enthalpy, entropy and free energy. Hess’s law. Bioenergetics: coupled reactions, compounds with high energetic potential (ATP, GTP, etc.). Redox reactions: oxidation number, redox potential and its measurement; variation as pH function. Potentiometric measurement of pH. Redox reactions in live matter. Acids and bases: water as electrolyte, pH. Acidic and basic strength. Equilibria in solution: hydrolysis, pK, buffer systems. Titration curves of acids and bases, ampholytes. Importance of acid/base equilibrium in the organism. Solubility product. Colloidal solutions: characteristics, classification, methodology of study. Bioinorganic chemistry: fundamental notions on chemical compounds of elements of major biological interest: Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, H, O, C, N, S, P, Cl, Br. Organic chemistry: classification of the compounds on the basis of functional groups. Classification of the organic reactions. Isomerism. Structural cis-trans isomerism, tautomerism, optical isomerism (stereochemical series); isomerism relevance on the properties of biological and medical compounds. Electronic effects on organic molecules: inductive, mesomeric, steric. Electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents. Organic reactions: redox reactions; substitution reactions (SN1 e SN2); simple nucleophilic reaction of addiction to carbonyl bond; electrophilic addition reaction followed by elimination reaction; electrophilic addition to alkenes and alkynes; electrophilic substitution reactions; orientation effects; polymerization reactions. Organic compounds: Alkanes, alkenes, dienes, alkynes, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons; nomenclature, physical and chemical properties. Arenes: nomenclature, physical and chemical properties. Alkylic and arylic halogenures: nomenclature, chemical properties. Aliphatic and aromatic alcools, mono and polyvalent: nomenclature, classification, chemical properties. Thioalcools. Phenols, ethers and thioethers: nomenclature, classification, chemical properties. Aliphatic and aromatic amines: nomenclature, classification, chemical properties; quaternary ammonium salts, amino-alcools, diamines. Test reactions. Aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones: properties; aldol condensation. Aliphatic and aromatic acids: chemical properties, inductive effect on the acidity; mono and polycarboxylic acids, saturated, unsaturated; malonic synthesis, oxyacids (lactides and lactons), chetoacids; (keto-enol tautomerism), enolphosphates. Acid derivatives: phosphoric esters; amides, anhydrides: simple, mixed, cyclic; nitriles hydrazides: chemical properties and text reactions; acylic chlorides. Lipids: glycerides, fats, saponification; phospholipids and sphingolipids and their biological role. Aminoacids: electrolytic behavior; carbo-amidic bond. Peptides. Proteins and their structures. Glucides: nomenclature, solubility, classification; hexoses configuration, mutarotation, chemical properties; di- and polysaccharides; aminosugars. Heterocyclic compounds with 5 and 6 termini, aromatic rings, acidity (furan, pyrrole, thiophene, thiazole, imidazole, oxazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, purine, indole, chinoline, isochinoline, nicotinic acid, isonicotinic acid). Purinic and pyrimidinic bases: their tautomerism. Nucleic acids. Assays of organic compounds with biological relevance in the biochemo-clinical analyses.
• General Psychology
  
  • Historical signs on the origins and on the evolution of the General General General Psychology
  • Attention
  • Learning
  • Conscience
  • Memory
  • Communication
  • Motivation
  • Emotions

Textbook Information

• CHIMICA MEDICA
  
  E. Santaniello, M. Alberghina, M. Coletta, S. Marini - Principi di Chimica generale e organica -
  Piccin, Padova, 2013
  M. Alberghina – Questionario di Chimica e Biochimica – Piccin 2011
  H. Hart, L.E. Craine, D.J. Hart, C.M. Hadad - Chimica organica – Zanichelli
  J. R. Amend, B. P. Mundy, M. T. Arnold - Chimica Generale, Organica e Biologica – Piccin
  Denniston – Chimica Generale, Chimica Organica e Propedeutica Biochimica- McGraw-Hill
  
• General Psychology
  

  Paolo Legrenzi Fondamenti di Psicologia Generale. Teorie e pratiche, Il Mulino,
  Bologna 2014 (ch.1, 3, 4, ch. 6 up to page 154, ch.7, 9, 10, 11)

  
  Toni Alessandro Psicologia della comunicazione, LED Edizioni, Milano 2012
  (chapter 3: “Non Verbal Communication”)