ENVIRONMENTAL GEOPHYSICS

Introduction to Physical and their measurement geophysical prospecting methods. direct and indirect measurements measures. measurement units. Measurement tools. Use of models. Use and choosing a model of interpretation. ambiguity: the equivalence principle. geophysical data interpretation. Performance in geological terms. Geophysical surveys and sizes. Geoelectric methods. Resistance and resistivity. Measurements of apparent resistivity. Laying electrode and geometric factor. Main electrode configurations: Wenner, Schlumberger, pole-pole, pole-dipole, dipole-dipole. Polls Electric Vertical and their meaning. 2D and 3D electrical tomography pseudosections and tomographic sections. Techniques for acquisition of 2D and 3D data; the roll-along technique. Applications of electric tomography environmental research. Notes on laboratory instrumentation and country. Seismic prospecting. elastic moduli. Propagation of the elastic waves. Speed ​​of the various types of waves. Relationship between the speed and the elastic parameters of the subsurface formations. Reflection, refraction and diffraction. attenuation phenomena. Receiver, transducer, geophone. Locations of the seismic phases for a layered soil: direct wave, reflected wave and refracted wave. application examples; Tomography. Modeling mono, two-dimensional and 3D subsurface. Notes on laboratory instrumentation and country. Impulsive electromagnetic methods. The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Characteristics of the instrument and operating principles. Acquisition, processing and interpretation of data. transmitting and receiving antennas. Choosing the frequency of the antenna. Con-considerations on the prospects G.P.R. prospecting G.P.R. limits Application examples. Magnetic and Gravimetric methods: general information and application examples; instrumentation and survey measurements. contaminated sites. Protocol for the characterization and monitoring of contaminated sites under the D.M. 471/99 and the DG. Properties of the contaminants. The role of non invasive investigative techniques in the characterization of contaminated sites. Definition of conceptual model. risk analysis. Electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soils. Geophysical surveys, monitoring of polluted sites and application methods useful for identifying, estimating and procedures for their rehabilitation. Study of the principles relating to the environment in the Italian legislation and the European legislation DGL 15.6.2006. Case studies in Sicily. CO2. Investigations aimed at finding traps and capture and storage of CO2. The geological storage of CO2. the state of geological storage of CO2 as part of CCS (CO2 Capture & Storage) in Italy and abroad. Geological storage of CO2 in Italy. Greenhouse gases underground.

Telford W. M., Gelsdart L.P., Sheriff R.E., Keys D.A. - “Applied Geophysics” - Cambridge University Press, 1976.

Reynolds J.M. (1997): An introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics. J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 796 pp