Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. Biosynthesis, transport and excretion of cholesterol - plasma lipoproteins: composition and function. Post-translational modifications: glycosylation. Glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Protein kinases in intracellular signaling: Classification and molecular organization of PKA, PKG, PKC. Tyrosine kinases. Cyclin-dependent protein kinase. Phosphatase. Intracellular metabolism of proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome and the lysosomal route. The urea cycle: localization and regulation reactions. Metabolic regulation and signal transduction. Free radicals: complete reduction of oxygen and partially reduced forms. Formation of free radicals in the mitochondria and erythrocytes. Dismutation reactions, Haber Weiss reaction and Fenton reaction. Lipoperoxidation. Enzymatic defense systems. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. The hierarchy of the primary structure and brief information for its determination. Structural and functional protein domains. Supersecondary structures. Prediction of secondary structures. Protein folding: thermodynamic, proposed mechanisms, spontaneous and driven folding. Chaperonins: classification and function in the driven folding. Structure and mechanism of action of Gro-El and Gro-Es. Catalytic mechanisms of selected enzymes.
Biochimica - Berg J., Tymoczko J., and Stryer L. Zanichelli
Biochimica medica – Siliprandi, Tettamanti – PICCIN