The course of General Pathology aims to provide the knowledge: of the extrinsic and intrinsic causes of human disease, interpreting their fundamental pathogenetic mechanisms; of the fundamental biological mechanisms of defense, damage response and reparation; of cellular alterations and of non-differentiated functions; primary alterations of differentiated functions of organs, systems and systems. It is also proposed to provide a cellular and molecular view of oncology. The mechanisms that regulate the normal, but also the "abnormal", the functioning of the immune system will be studied in depth. In particular the main objectives of the course of Immunology will be finalized to the knowledge: of the general characteristics of the antigens, of the molecular structures (antibodies, receptors, cytokines), of the cells, tissues and organs that make up the immune system; of the mechanisms of maturation of T and B lymphocytes and of regulation of central and peripheral tolerance: of the components and molecular mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune responses and of their cooperation and integration. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the alterations of the immune system will be investigated, in particular: hypersensitivity reactions, immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases.
The student must have developed theoretical, scientific and professional knowledge, specific skills and abilities necessary for understanding the molecular characteristics of the tumors underlying neoplastic transformation. Are specific areas of competence that the student must acquire the knowledge of clinical molecular methodologies in oncology (biopsy, liquid biopsy, tumor markers), genetic and epigenetic modifications underlying tumors and pharmacological and supportive therapies in oncology. Finally, the student must have gained direct experience in the most relevant laboratory diagnostic methods and in clinical trials.
The specific training objectives of the Laboratory Diagnostic Methodologies Course are to enable students to acquire the basic notions for critical evaluation and interpretation of the results of the main diagnostic and biomolecular techniques used in clinical practice and basic research.
The course is divided into lectures and theoretical-practical lessons (exercises practical / demonstrative, seminar discussions).
The teaching will be in the front type and complemented by seminars. For the training of the student, the course materials will be distributed, including slides and scientific papers
The teaching will be carried out through the provision of classroom teaching lessons plus laboratory exercises to be carried out in the laboratories of the Biological Tower in order to improve the theoretical and practical knowledge acquired during the hours spent in the classroom.
1. Molecular epidemiology of tumors
2. Risk factors and etiological agents of neoplastic transformation
3. Epigenetics of tumors
4. Molecular alterations in tumors
5. Targeted therapy
6. Hereditary tumors
7. Immuno-therapy in tumors - Immune checkpoint inhibitor
Specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic tests, normal range of biological parameters, Bayes' theorem
Microarrays: principles, platforms, applications in the biomedical field
First and Next-generation Sequencing: Sanger sequencing; Maxam-Gilbert sequencing; pyrosequencing; Illumina sequencing; nanopore sequencing
Flow cytometry in the diagnosis of oncological diseases of the blood
DNA methylation study: study of the MLH1 gene and the MGMT gene
Applications of molecular pathology techniques: microsatellite instability, BRCA1-2 mutations, BRAFV600E mutations
ROSA M. PASCALE - FRANCESCO FEO; Elementi di oncologia molecolare - Piccin
During the lessons, scientific publications and powerpoint presentations will be provided to the students to support the teaching activity
McPherson. HENRY'S Diagnosi Clinica e Metodi di Laboratorio. Antonio Delfino Editore Leonard. Molecular Pathology in Clinical Practice. Springer
Weinberg: La biologia del cancro. Zanichelli
Mauro Maccarrone. Metodologie Biochimiche e Biomolecolari. Zanichelli. 2019