DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
Bachelor's Degree in Imaging and Radiotherapy techniques
Academic Year 2021/2022 - 1° Year

SCIENZE DELLA PREVENZIONE RADIOPROTEZIONE E CONTROLLI DI QUALITA'

Teaching Staff

Learning Objectives

• Electrical and Electronic Measurements
  

  The specific training objectives, which are functional to the professional figure that the course intends to train, that is the expert in the field of electronic electrical measurements, sensors and transduction elements inherent the field of radiology medical for pictures and radiotherapy.

  In this context, the course aims to train technicians with a suitable basic scientific training and adequate competences of the general technical-scientific content and methods of electronic engineering with particular emphasis on the basic of metrology.

  Knowledge and understanding

  The student will acquire knowledge on metrology, measurement systems, sensors and transducers also in the context of prevention and radiation protection. The main applications will be related to the fields of electronic engineering polarized towards a professionalizing aspect in accordance with the Degree Course.

  Applying knowledge and understanding

  At the end of the course, students will have the necessary skills to perform measurements, with appropriate methodology and systems, identifying their main sections and functionalities.

  Making judgements

  Students will acquire autonomy of judgment for an accurate analysis of the systems considered.

  Communication skills

  The student will reinforce the technical language of measurement systems with the goal of being able to adequately present him/herself on the job market with adequate skills and an appropriate technical profile.

  Learning skills

  The student will be able to autonomously expand his knowledge of electrical and electronic measurements also through in-depth study of reference texts, on articles of specialized scientific journals.

• Radiobiology e Radioprotection
  

  To acquire knowledge about the following topics:

  • Theoretical principles of radiobiology
  • Interaction of ionizing radiations with human body
  • Principles of dose fractionation in radiotehrapy
  • Technical aspects of radioprotection
• The physics of instrumentation and devices
  

  The main objective of the lectures is the knowledge of the physics fundamentals of instrumentation useful to medical diagnostics and therapy.

Course Structure

• Electrical and Electronic Measurements
  

  Frontal lessons

  Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.

• Radiobiology e Radioprotection
  

  Lessons

• The physics of instrumentation and devices
  

  Lectures and tests (entrance, on going and end-of-course verification).

  Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.

Detailed Course Content

• Electrical and Electronic Measurements
  

  Outline of measurement systems

  Block diagram of a measurement system. Influence and Interference. Compensation process.

  Examples of instruments: the mAmpere-meter, the pressure gauge.

  Elements of Metrology

  Measurements. International System of Units. Uncertainty A and B. Calibration diagram. Sensitivity and resolution in measuring instrument

  The analog oscilloscope

  Block diagram of the analog oscilloscope. Working principle. Main controls of the oscilloscope.

  The digital oscilloscope

  Block diagram of the digital oscilloscope. Sampling of an analog signal. Criteria of selecting a sampling procedure. Comparison between analog and digital oscilloscope.

  Virtual Instruments PC-based, LabView and acquisition boards.

  Sensors

  Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs), strain gauge, accelerometer, fluxgate magnetometer, conditioning circuits.

  Experimental activities

• Radiobiology e Radioprotection
  

  Interactions between ionizing radiations with human body

  Physical, Chemical and Biological effects of ionizing radiations

  LET; EBR; OER

  Principles of Dose fractionation and clinical applications

  Radiosensibility and radiocurability of biological tissues and cancer

  TCP/NTCP

  Principles of clinical radiotherapy

  Theoretical principles of radioprotection

• The physics of instrumentation and devices
  

  X-rays diagnostics: X-rays radiation. X-ray tube. Production of X-rays spectra. X-ray absorption. Radiological imaging. The image intensifier.

  Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine: Radioactivity. The radioactive law of decay. Use of radionuclides in medical diagnosis. Effective half-life. Scintigraphy.

  Tomographic Images: The anatomical planes. Computed Tomography (CT). Single photon emission tomography (SPECT). Positron emission tomography (PET).

  Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Radio Waves. Gyromagnetic ratio and Larmor frequency. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Devices and Magnetic Resonance Imaging systems.

  Radiation Therapy: The radiation dose. Therapeutic ratio. Conventional radiotherapy. Brachytherapy and radiometabolic therapy. Radiotherapy with external beams. The LINAC.

Textbook Information

• Electrical and Electronic Measurements
  

  A. Brandolini, R. Ottoboni, Fondamenti di metrologia, società editrice Esculapio

  G. Iuculano, D.Mirri, Misure elettroniche, CEDAM

  E. O. Doebelin, Measurement systems, McGraw Hill

  Norme UNI 4546, lecture notes

• Radiobiology e Radioprotection
  

  Diagnostica per immagini e Radioterapia - Cittadini

• The physics of instrumentation and devices
  

  [1] Lascialfari A., Borsa F, Gueli A.M., Principi di fisica per indirizzo biomedico e farmaceutico, EdiSES, 2020

  [2] Bellia G., Fisica per un anno, 21 spunti di conoscenza, Idelson Gnocchi, 2021

  [3] Lecture notes provided during the course.