FISICA

The course has the following aims:

1) to provide knowledge on the fundamental physical laws of mechanics and thermodynamics;

2) provide the necessary tools for the applications of physical laws in dynamics problems of material systems.

The course is structured, maily, in lectures and exercises/applications on the blackboard with the involvement of the students. Moreover, slides will be used to deepen some specific topics and multimedia files (video and / or audio) will be used to facilitate the understanding of some topics.

Should the circumstances require online or blended teaching, appropriate modifications to what is hereby stated may be introduced, in order to achieve the main objectives of the course.

The student must have, from the very first lessons, good notions of algebra, geometry and trigonometry, and fundamental notions of differential calculus. In fact, the study of vector quantities, kinematics and dynamics of the material point (first topics of the course) requires the application of these mathematical tools. It is strongly recommended to tackle the study of Physics I only after having faced that of Analysis I.

Attendance to lessons is of fundamental importance for the student, not only to take advantage of the explanations of the contents addressed, but also to acquire the correct and rigorous approach which must necessarily be followed in the study of a highly scientific discipline, such as the one in question.

The student is required to attend at least 70% of the lessons of the course.

The exam is based on the evaluation of two tests, one written and one oral. The written test aims at verifying the theoretical and practical skills and the ability to elaborate simple problems with the application of fundamental laws. It is usually based on three problems to be solved giving reasons for the procedure adopted. The evaluation of the single question is based on the following criteria: correct interpretation of the text, correct resolution procedure, ability to summarize the motivation of the procedure adopted, ability to process the data provided in compliance with fundamental laws, correct use of units of measurement. The written test considers us passed if the overall evaluation is greater than or equal to 18/30. In the event of an overall assessment of less than 18/30, participation in the oral exam is not recommended. The oral exam takes place with an interview on the topics covered during the course and aims at verifying the knowledge of the contents covered and the ability to elaborate the laws of physics. The evaluation of the oral exam is based on the following criteria: level of knowledge of the required topics, expressive ability and properties of language, ability to apply simple knowledge of case studies, ability to connect the different themes of the teaching program.

The evaluation of the overall examination is based on the evaluation of the two tests carried out. Booking for the exam session is mandatory and must be made exclusively via the Internet, through the student portal, within the set period.

Learning assessment may also be carried out on line, should the conditions require it.

1. INTRODUCTION

Quantities in physics - International system - Dimensions and dimensional calculation - Measurement uncertainties - Approximation - Scientific notation.

2. VECTORS

Representation of physical quantities by means of vectors - Operations with vectors: sum, difference, product of a vector by a scalar, scalar product, vector product - Commutative property - Associative property - Components of a vector - Derivative of a vector - Integration .

3. KINEMATICS

Position and displacement vector; Velocity and accelerations vectors; ; One dimensional motion with constant velocity; One dimensional motion with constant acceleration; Freely falling objects; Projectile motion; Uniform Circular motion; Centripetal acceleration

4. DYNAMICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT

Principle of inertia - Inertial mass - Force: Newton's 2nd law - Principle of action and reaction - Inertial reference systems - Galilean invariance principle - Galilean transformation - Law of composition of velocities - Laws of force: gravitational force, weight force, force of friction, elastic forces, viscous forces of resistance of the medium - Constraint reactions - Tension of the wires - Motion along an inclined plane - Circular motions: Centripetal forces - Non-inertial reference systems: fictitious forces - Momentum of motion. Impulse - Angular momentum. Mechanical moment.

5. CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Work - Kinetic Energy and the wrok-kinetic energy theorem - Conservative forces - Potential energy - Calculation of potential energy - Potential energy and force: energy and stability diagrams of equilibrium - Central forces - Conservation of mechanical energy - Non-conservative forces.

6. OSCILLATIONS

Simple harmonic oscillator: equation of motion and solution - Mass-spring system - Simple pendulum - Kinetic and potential energy in simple harmonic motions - Damped harmonic oscillator - Forced harmonic oscillator.

7. DYNAMICS OF SYSTEMS OF MATERIAL POINTS

System of particles - Center-of-mass and its coordinates - Linear momentum and its conservation - Impulse and momentum - Conservation of momentum - Collisions between material points: elastic, inelastic and completely inelastic - Angular momentum - Mechanical moment - Moment theorem angular - Conservation of angular momentum.

8. DYNAMICS OF THE RIGID BODY AND NOTES OF STATIC

 

Rigid body - Motion of a rigid body - Equation of motion of a rotating body - Rigid rotations around a fixed axis in an inertial reference system - Moment of inertia with respect to a fixed axis - Huygens-Steiner theorem - Work and kinetic energy in rotary motion - Compound pendulum - Roto-translational motion - Pure rolling motion - Conservation laws in the motion of a rigid body - Statics.

9. GRAVITATION

Central forces - gravitational force - inertial mass and gravitational mass - gravitational field - gravitational potential energy.

10. FLUIDS MECHANICS

States of matter - Definition of fluid - Gases and liquids - Real fluids and fluids - Density - Pressure - fluids statics - Pascal's principle - Stevino's law - Archimedes' thrust - Torricelli's experience - Manometers and Barometers - Fluid dynamics - Flow rate - Continuity equation - Bernoulli's theorem.

11. THERMOMETRY AND CALORIMETRY

Thermal equilibrium - Concept of temperature - Measurement of temperature - Kelvin temperature - Calorimetric definition of heat - Thermal capacity - Specific heat and latent heat - Calories - Heat sources - Mechanical equivalent of heat.

12. THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS

Thermodynamic systems and states - Macroscopic point of view - Thermodynamic coordinates - Thermodynamic equilibrium - Simple thermodynamic systems - PVT systems - Equation of state - Equation of state of ideal gases - Thermodynamic transformations - Quasistatic transformation - Reversible and irreversible transformations - Reversible quasistatic transformation.

13. HEAT, WORK AND FIRST PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS

Work in a transformation of a PVT system - Adiabatic work - Internal energy - Thermodynamic definition of heat - First law of thermodynamics - Differential form of the first law of thermodynamics - Internal energy of an ideal gas: Joule's experiment - Specific heats of ideal gases: Mayer's report.

14. SECOND PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS

Conversion of work into heat and vice versa - Thermal machines - Otto cycle - Diesel cycle - Kelvin-Planks statement of the second law of thermodynamics - Refrigerating machines - Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics - Equivalence of the two statements - Carnot cycle - Carnot's theorem - Carnot's machine - Absolute thermodynamic temperature.

15. ENTROPY

Clausius theorem - Entropy - Entropy and reversibility - Entropy and irreversibility - The principle of increasing entropy - Entropy variation calculations - Entropy of an ideal gas - Entropy and unusable energy.

1. MAZZOLDI, NIGRO, VOCI – Elementi di Fisica: Meccanica, Termodinamica (EdiSES);

2. D. HALLIDAY, R. RESNICK, J. WALKER " Fondamenti di Fisica (2015) Casa Ed. Ambrosiana;

3. D. ROLLER, R. Blum "Fisica (Vol. I)" Casa Ed. Zanichelli;

4. SERWAY, JEWETT "Principi di Fisica" (2015) Edises;

5. D. HALLIDAY, R. RESNICK, J. WALKER "Fundamental of Physics" Casa Ed. Ambrosiana.

Students are free to use any other text that may be more convenient for them