Identify the different types of relationships that microorganisms and human parasites determine with the host, differentiating the "infection" from the "disease" phenomenon. Correlate the aggressive mechanisms of microorganisms and parasites with the various "types" of infection and induced pathological lesions. Classify microorganisms and parasites in the various stages of aggregation of living matter (metazoa, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, viruses), correlating the degree of organization with the pathogenic action. Within the structural organization of microorganisms and parasites, identify the structures / functions necessary to carry out metabolic processes and replication and to determine infection / disease in the host. Correlate the phenomenon of variation and mutation of microorganisms and parasites with the pathogenic action and resistance to antimicrobial substances. Describe and classify the inhibitory mechanisms, the site of action, the spectrum of action of chemoantibiotics, antivirals, antifungal and antiprotozoal substances. Indicate the biological assumptions of chemo-antibiotic resistance (genotypic and phenotypic) and of resistance to other antimicrobial agents (antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoan). Indicate the composition of an antimicrobial vaccine, list the main antimicrobial vaccines currently in use defining their essential characteristics. Identify the most essential biological characteristics and the pathogenic action of microorganisms and pathogenic parasites for humans
Frontal oral presentation. Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.
Main pathogenic bacteria for humans
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Neisseria, Branhamella, Mycobacterium, Streptomyces, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Bartonella, Listeria, Gardnerella, Bacillus, Clostridium, Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus, Pasteurella, Vibrio, Legionella, Brucella, Bordetella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Chlamydiaceae, Rickettsiales, Spirochetales
Main viruses responsible for infections in humans
Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Polyomaviridae (umani), Parvoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Pneumoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Arenaviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Hantaviridae, Nairoviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviridae, Reoviridae, Retroviridae (solo umani), Togaviridae, Matonaviridae (Rubivirus), Rhabdoviridae (Rabies lyssavirus), virus delle epatiti (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV, HGV).
Main fungi responsible for infections in humans
Primary dimorphic pathogens responsible for systemic mycoses: Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii, Blastomyces dermatitidis,Coccidioides immits , Paracoccidioides brasiliensis,
Opportunistic dimorphic pathogens responsible for systemic mycoses: Talaromyces marneffei
Superficial mycoses: Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp, Malassezia furfur, Exophiala werneckii, Trichosporon beigelii, Piedraia hortae, Candida spp.
Cutaneous mycoses. Dermatophytosis: Microsporum spp.., Trichophyton spp . , Epidermophyton spp.. Dermatomycoses: Hendersonula toruloidea, Scytalidium hyalium (Natrassia spp.), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis.
Sub-cutaneous mycoses (outline). Sporotrichosis: Sporothrix spp.. Chromoblastomycosis: Fonsecaea, Phialophora, Cladophialophora. Phaeohyphomycosis: Cladophialophora spp, Exophiala spp, Bipolaris spp, Exserohilum spp. Mycotic mycetoma: Scedosporium spp, Madurella spp, Trematosphaeria spp, Acremonium spp, Exophiala spp. Entomophthoromycosis: Basidiobolus ranarum, Conidiobolus coronatus. Mucormycosis: Rhizopus spp, Mucor spp, Rhizomucor spp, Lichtheimia spp, Saksenaea spp. Lobomycosis: Loboa loboi. Rhinosporidiosis: Rhinosporidium seeberi.
Systemic mycoses from opportunistic fungi: Candidiasis: Candida spp, Debaryomyces spp, Kluyveromyces spp, Meyerozyma spp, Pichia spp.. Cryptococcosis: Cryptococcus spp, C. neoformans/C. gattii. Aspergillosis: Aspergillus fumigatus complex, A. flavus, complex, A. terreus complex. Scedosporiosis (outline): Scedosporium spp., Lomentospora spp. Mucormicosis: Rhizopus spp, Mucor spp, Rhizomucor spp, Lichtheimia spp. Hyalohyphomycosis: Penicillium spp, Paecilomyces spp, Beauveria spp, Fusarium spp., Scopulariopsis spp. Phaeohyphomycosis (outline): Cladophialophora spp, Exophiala spp, Bipolaris spp, Exserohilum spp
Notes on Microsporidiosis and Pneumocystis spp
Murray et Al VIII ed or IX ed., Edra
Topley & Wilsons' on:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470688 (this link must be used within Unversity of Catania network)
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/