Master's Degree in Medicine and Surgery
Academic Year 2020/2021 - 5° Year
SANITA' PUBBLICA E SCIENZE MEDICO LEGALI - channel 1
Teaching Staff
ANTONELLA PAOLA AGODI - Module Hygiene and Community medicine - MED/42 - 7 CFUCRISTOFORO POMARA - Module - - MED/43 - 3 CFU
CATERINA LEDDA - Module Occupational Medicine - MED/44 - 2 CFU
Learning Objectives
- Hygiene and Community medicine
- To acquire knowledge about: sources and methods for data collection, epidemiological methods for data analysis and interpretation, causes of disability and death, health and lifestyle risk factors, environmental health determinants and risk factors, methodologies for the prevention of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
- To acquire knowledge on health promotion and disease prevention.
- To evaluate epidemiological data and know their use for health promotion and disease prevention in individuals and in the community, to collaborate with territorial health services in epidemiological surveillance and health promotion and disease prevention programs, recognize community health problems and work in team to solve them, to identify and control causes and risk factors of disease associated with behaviors and environment, provide evidence-based information on health determinants associated with lifestyle and with physical and social environment factors.
- Know the health organization at international, European and national level.
- Know managerial skills and activities.
- Know the principles and applications of health economics for health planning.
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- Occupational Medicine
The aim of the course is to provide information and knowledge about workplace-related pathologies (accidents and illnesses) as well as to become familiar with prevention principles, with particular reference to risk assessment and preventive measure adoption.
Students will have to learn methods and techniques to collect work history, identify environmental and occupational risks and possible relationships with genetic, demographic, socio-economic, psychological and cultural factors, related to health or illness statuses, as well as to look into the possible non-specific effects of occupational risk factors, especially for degenerative chronic diseases.
The main etiologically diagnostic aspects of occupational medicine will be dealt with, and so will the epidemiology of con-causally work-related diseases. Also, the most frequent professional diseases and work accidents will be classified. The main analysis method and work risk assessment instruments will be provided, that is limit exposure levels, environmental/biological monitoring and healthcare surveillance. Also, occupational risk in/formation, safety and health law guidelines in work places, primary and secondary prevention of occupational diseases, role and duties of the competent physician will be discussed.
Course Structure
- Hygiene and Community medicine
The course includes lectures in which continuous interaction with the students is encouraged and exercises in the classroom to develop the ability to apply the knowledge acquired during the course.
Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.
Learning assessment may also be carried out on line, should the conditions require it.
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- Occupational Medicine
Frontal lesson, experiential exercise.
Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.
Detailed Course Content
- Hygiene and Community medicine
Principles of demography and health statistics. Sources of demographic and epidemiological data. Demographic indicators. Indicators of mortality and morbidity. Indicators of quality of life.
Principles of epidemiological methodology. The measures in epidemiology. The epidemiological studies: descriptive epidemiology; analytical epidemiology; experimental epidemiology. The causal relationship in epidemiology. Risk assessment. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The evidence-based medicine.
Principles of epidemiology of infectious diseases. Mode of transmission of infection. The chains of contagion. The natural course of infection.
General principles of the epidemiology of chronic diseases and disabilities. The necessary causes and the sufficient causes. Risk factors and protective factors. Causes and factors of the physical environment and of the social environment. Lifestyles and health. Frequency of chronic diseases and other harmful events in the population.
Methodology for the prevention and health promotion. Objectives and methods of prevention (primary, secondary and tertiary prevention).
The prevention of infectious diseases. Primary prevention of infection. Breaking the chains of transmission. Interventions for the discovery and inactivation of the sources of infection. Active and passive immunoprophylaxis. Chemoprophylaxis. Secondary prevention of infections.
Prevention of chronic diseases and of disabilities. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
Principles of health education. Health and health promotion. Methods and models of communication. Strategies for health promotion. Health promotion in the Ottawa Charter.
Epidemiology and prevention of major infectious diseases.
Surveillance systems at European level. The networks and activities of the ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control).
- Respiratory tract infections: influenza, tuberculosis, Legionnaires’ disease.
- Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV and blood-borne viruses: HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C virus infections, blenorragia, syphilis, Human Papilloma Virus infections infezioni.
- Food- and waterborne diseases and zoonoses: cholera, Hepatitis A and E virus infections, typhoid feve, gastroenteritis.
- Emerging and vector-borne diseases: arbovirus infections, leishmaniasis, malaria, rickettsiosis.
- Vaccine-preventable diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, bacterial meningitis, varicella, invasive bacterial infections, rotavirus infections.
- Health care associated infections (HAI, hospital acquired infections): surveillance programs and national and European networks.
​Epidemiology and prevention of major chronic diseases. Cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Health promotion and disease prevention at different stages of life. Preconception, prenatal and neonatal prevention. Health needs in children and adolescents. Health needs in adulthood. Promotion of health in the elderly.
Hygiene of food and of nutrition. Food hygiene. Food and health related issues. Microbial contamination. Cleaning and preservation of foods. Food safety.
Environment and health. Environmental factors as determinants of health and disease. The environmental pollution and its effects on health. Water and its features. Water intended for human consumption, treatment and distribution of water. Mineral waters. Use of water for recreational purposes. The domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater. Air pollution; the effects of air pollutants on health and environment. The medical waste and domestic solid wastes. Electromagnetic pollution. Risk factors and prevention in the areas of life and work.
Economics and health organization Principles of health economics. The basic principles of economics. The elements of the economic evaluation. Economic evaluation techniques. Health organization at international and European level. The National Health Service in Italy: the central, regional and local levels. The health planning. The national health plan and the regional health plans. The health management.
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- Occupational Medicine
History and evolution of Occupational Medicine: prevention service legislation and organization; work accidents and professional diseases insurance practices. Risk assessment procedure; exposure times and limit levels/values.
Primary and secondary prevention principles. Healthcare surveillance and duties of competent physician. Biological monitoring procedures. General and individual preventive practices and first aid action organization. Biological risk and vaccinations. Physical risks: noise, vibrations, ionizing-non-ionizing radiations, microclimate and compressed atmosphere. Ergonomy principles: postures and work. Workstation, shift and night work risks. Assessment of risks in manual loads handling and in repetitive movements of upper limbs with associated pathologies. Organizational wellness and its associated work stress. Health promotion in working places.
Main dust/fibre and professional allergene exposure–related pathologies; indoor and outdoor pollutants. Exposure risks to chemical, mutagen and carcenogenic agents.
Principles of Industrial Hygiene and hints of Statistics. Risks in the main working cycles. Guidelines on safety and health in working places.
Textbook Information
- Hygiene and Community medicine
1)Barbuti S., Fara G.M., Giammanco G. – Igiene, medicina di comunità e sanità pubblica. Edizione EDISES 2014
2)Gilli G. Professione igienista Manuale dell'igiene ambientale e territoriale. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
3)Vitale F, Zagra M. Igiene, epidemiologia e organizzazione sanitaria orientate per problemi. Editore: Elsevier - Masson
4)Faggiano F, Donato F, Barbone F. Manuale di Epidemiologia per la Sanità Pubblica. Centro Scientifico Editore
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- Occupational Medicine
- David Koh, Ken Takahashi. Textbook of Occupational Medicine Practice. 3rd Edition ISBN: 978-981-4329-57-6
Open in PDF format Versione in italiano