LABORATORIO DI RAPPRESENTAZIONE E GEOMETRIA DESCRITTIVA M - Z

The aim of the Laboratory of Representation and Descriptive Geometry is to educate the student to the critical choice and the correct and conscious use of geometrical methods of representation of architecture and environment, in order to express on the sheet of paper with properties of language every spatial experience belonging to both the culture of relief and the project.

The study of descriptive geometry is intended as a critically rigorous and necessary process for the knowledge of space and architectural forms, through their representation, and engages students in a course that combines teaching and research, addressing in a systematic way the study of the Science of Representation.

The course has as further objectives to develop the ability of the learners:

of understanding and resolution through the representation of the expressiveness of the designed form;
learning the projective criteria that allow managing the continuous passage from the space to the plane and vice versa through the identification of "spatial forms and relations" that configure the architectural object and the translation of the same on the sheet in equivalent "flat forms and relations";
application of the acquired knowledge and problem solving in new or unfamiliar environments in broader (or multidisciplinary) contexts related to the field of study;
acquisition of the theoretical graphic-representative tools to communicate complexity with a democratic language comprehensible to all;
Acquisition of a methodology of approach to the resolution of the issues addressed in an independent way.

The course "Laboratory of Representation and Descriptive Geometry" is structured with frontal lessons and classroom exercises. During each meeting the frontal lesson will be followed by exercises and applications in the classroom with periodic delivery. Each student will be provided with tools for geometric drawing.

During the exercises, corrections and didactic interviews will take place in order to support individual learning and personal motivation.

The structure of the exercises is characterized by the elaboration of individual application tables on the themes dealt with in the frontal lessons and on the research themes.

If the teaching is given in mixed mode or at a distance, the necessary variations can be introduced with respect to what was previously stated, in order to respect the program provided and reported in the syllabus.

The learning verification can also be carried out electronically, should the conditions require it.

The course intends to lead the student through frontal lessons and application exercises to the knowledge of the Representation of Architecture and Descriptive Geometry, through practical applications assigned during the year.
Within the course, the theoretical foundations of Descriptive Geometry will be brought back to the identification of the genesis of form and constitutive processes for a conscious representation able to induce the ability of a design of geometrically complex spaces mediated by representations of high figurative expressiveness.
The choice of the relationship between object, observer and picture, in relation to the geometrical and formal aspects to be communicated becomes a significant moment of mental prefiguration of the graphic impact in terms of visual rendering. The use of three-dimensional models allows a methodology of approach to representation for continuous verifications that allows to better frame the spatial relationship between shapes. The theoretical part is divided into meetings on descriptive geometry, methods of representation and conventions of architectural design. The exercises include the elaboration of tables on the application of descriptive geometry and the reasoned reading and redrawing of architectural objects.

The topics covered are the following:

1. Drawing: fundamentals of representation and descriptive geometry.

2. Drawing tools and techniques: manual drawing and graphic material, digital drawing, construction of maquettes.

3. Handling exercises, use of pencils and compasses.

4. Elementary geometric constructions (cyclotomy and polycentric).

5. Descriptive geometry - Elements of projective geometry. Cylindrical or parallel projections (Axonometry, Orthogonal or Monge projections), Conical or central projections (Perspective), Theory of shadows, and applications (points, lines, planes, solids).

6. Harmonic proportions in architecture, modules, patterns. Graphical analysis.

7. Representation of architecture: Metric and graphic representation scales, graphic conventions.

8. Representation of roofs, vertical connections and windows.

9. Digital drawing (Autocad).

1. Agostino De Rosa, Andrea Giordano, Anna Sgrosso, La Geometria nell’immagine. Storia dei metodi di rappresentazione, Torino 2000.

2. Mario Docci, Diego Maestri, Marco Gaiani, Scienza del disegno, Torino 2011.

3. Edoardo Dotto, Costruzioni geometriche, Palermo 2009. (disponibile su www.academia.edu).

4. Edoardo Dotto., Introduzione all’analisi grafica, Siracusa, 2008.

5. Edoardo Dotto, Rendere visibile. Imparare dalla scienza e dalle arti, in AA. VV., XY rivista digitale, n. 2 July - December 2016.

6. Riccardo Falcinelli, Guardare, pensare, progettare. Neuroscienze per il design, Nuovi Equilibri, Viterbo, 2011.

7. Le Corbusier, Il Modulor, Milano 1974.

8. Bruno Munari, Da cosa nasce cosa, Laterza, Roma-Bari, 1981.

9. Erwin Panofsky, La prospettiva come forma simbolica, Milano 1961.

10. Anna Sgrosso, Aldo Ventre, Geometria descrittiva, Napoli 1961.

11. Anna Sgrosso, La rappresentazione geometrica dell’architettura, Torino 1996.

12. Vittorio Ugo, Fondamenti della rappresentazione architettonica, Bologna 1994.

13. Rudolf Wittkower, Principi architettonici nell’eta’ dell’umanesimo, Einaudi 1964.

14. C.B. Mills, Designing with Models. A Studio guide to Making and Using Architectural Design Models, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey (and Canada), 2005.