---

MICROBIOLOGIA ED IGIENE

Teaching Staff

MARIA ANTONIETTA TOSCANO - Module Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology - MED/07 - 7 CFU
MARINA MARRANZANO - Module Hygene - MED/42 - 7 CFU
ANTONIO MISTRETTA - Module Hygene
MARIA ANTONIETTA TOSCANO - Module Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology - MED/07 - 2 CFU

---

Learning Objectives

• Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology
  

  Provide basic knowledge about microorganisms and their role as human pathogens.

  Provide basic knowledge on the microbial pathogenicity, on the host-parasite

  relationships and on the interactions between microorganisms and antimicrobial

  agents. Provide knowledge on the general principles of prophylaxis and of diagnosis

  of infectious diseases, with particular attention to odontostomatologic diseases.

• Hygene
  

  To have depth knowledge regarding: sources and methods for health data

  collection, epidemiological methods for their analysis and interpretation, causes of

  disability and death, health determinants and risk factors in the lifestyle, health

  determinants and environmental risk factors, methods for the prevention of chronic

  diseases, mode of occurrence and spread of infections, interventions on individuals

  and on communities for their prevention, principles and application of preventive

  medicine in the community, principles and methods of communication applied to

  health information and health education.

  - To present themselves as authoritative interlocutors on health promotion and

  disease prevention issues, in dealing with individuals, with health administrators and

  the community.

  - To evaluate epidemiological data and know the use for the purposes of health

  promotion and disease prevention in individuals and in the community, to

  collaborate with the health services in the epidemiological surveillance and in the

  programs of health promotion and disease prevention, recognizing health problems

  of the community and to collaborate to solve them, to identify and to collaborate to

  remove the causes and factors of diseases present in the behavior and environment,

  making accurate information on the determinants of health and disease regarding

  lifestyle factors and physical and social environment, educate, as part of their

  professional activities, to behaviors that promote health and prevent disease and

  disability due to microbial, chemical and physical agents, accident.

  - to know the health organization at international, European and national level.

  -to know skills and managerial activities.

  - to know the principles and applications of health economics for the purpose of

  choices in health planning

• Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology
  

  Provide basic knowledge about microorganisms and their role as human pathogens.

  Provide basic knowledge on the microbial pathogenicity, on the host-parasite

  relationships and on the interactions between microorganisms and antimicrobial

  agents. Provide knowledge on the general principles of prophylaxis and of diagnosis

  of infectious diseases, with particular attention to odontostomatologic diseases.

Course Structure

• Hygene
  

  Lectures

---

Detailed Course Content

• Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology
  

  BACTERIOLOGY

  a) Essential characteristics of bacteria known to infect humans.

  b) Most important groups of bacteria and related diseases

  VIROLOGY :

  a) Essential characteristics of bacteria known to infect humans.

  b) Most important groups of viruses and related diseases

  MYCOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY :

  a) Essential characteristics of fungi and protozoa known to infect humans.

  b) Most important groups of fungi/parasites and related diseases

  MICROORGANISM-HOST RELATIONSHIPS:

  a) The microbial population normally resident in the human body.

  b) The pathogenic mechanisms of microorganisms.

  c) The various possibilities of infection and spread of infection.

  INFECTION CONTROL:

  General concepts about disinfection, asepsys, antisepsys and sterilization (physical, chemical and biological methods)

  History, meanings and objectives of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

  a) Antibacterial chemotherapy (Classification and key characteristics of main groups of antibiotics, Mechanism of action, antibiotic resistance)

  b) Antiviral chemotherapy (Classification, Mechanism of action and resistance,Combined therapies)

  c) Antifungal drugs (Classification, Mechanism of action and resistance)

  d) Prevention (immune sera and human vaccines )

  CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY IN DENTAL CARE

  Ecological characteristics of oral cavity and microbioma. Principal microrganisms representative of oral cavity and of its patological involvement in periodontisis.

  Oral streptococci. Role of bacterial factors in microbial adherence, interaction among microorganisms, onset of microbial flora in oral cavity,

  Dental plaque: acquisition, evolution, composition, variations, microbial interactions, biochemical implications and mineralization.

  Dental caries: aetiological theories, carie as infectious disease. Principal bacteria responsible.

  Prevention of caries, Microbiological aspects of periodontal diseases, Therapeutic approaches to principal infectious diseases and infective processes of oral cavity.

  Principal groups of microbial pathogens (bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoa) expecially in odontoiatric field.

• Hygene
  

  Principles of demography and health statistics. Sources of demographic and

  epidemiological data. Demographic indicators. Indicators of mortality and

  morbidity. Indicators of quality of life.

  Principles of epidemiological methodology. The measures in epidemiology. The

  epidemiological studies: descriptive epidemiology; analytical epidemiology;

  experimental epidemiology. The causal relationship in epidemiology. Risk

  assessment. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The evidence-based medicine.

  Principles of epidemiology of infectious diseases. Mode of transmission of infection.

  The chains of contagion. The natural course of infection.

  General principles of the epidemiology of chronic diseases and disabilities. The

  necessary causes and the sufficient causes. Risk factors and protective factors.

  Causes and factors of the physical environment and of the social environment.

  Lifestyles and health. Frequency of chronic diseases and other harmful events in the

  population.

  Methodology for the prevention and health promotion. Objectives and methods of

  prevention (primary, secondary and tertiary prevention).

  The prevention of infectious diseases. Primary prevention of infection. Breaking the

  chains of transmission. Interventions for the discovery and inactivation of the

  sources of infection. Active and passive immunoprophylaxis. Chemoprophylaxis.

  Secondary prevention of infections.

  Prevention of chronic diseases and of disabilities. Primary, secondary and tertiary

  prevention.

  Principles of health education. Health and health promotion. Methods and models

  of communication. Strategies for health promotion. Health promotion in the Ottawa

  Charter.

  Epidemiology and prevention of major infectious diseases.

  Surveillance systems at European level. The networks and activities of the ECDC

  (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control).

  - Respiratory tract infections: influenza, tuberculosis, Legionnaires’ disease.

  - Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV and blood-borne viruses:

  HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C virus infections, blenorragia, syphilis, Human

  Papilloma Virus infections infezioni.

  - Food- and waterborne diseases and zoonoses: cholera, Hepatitis A and E

  virus infections, typhoid feve, gastroenteritis.

  - Emerging and vector-borne diseases: arbovirus infections, leishmaniasis,

  malaria, rickettsiosis.

  - Vaccine-preventable diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles,

  mumps, rubella, bacterial meningitis, varicella, invasive bacterial infections,

  rotavirus infections.

  - Health care associated infections (HAI, hospital acquired infections):

  surveillance programs and national and European networks.

  Epidemiology and prevention of major chronic diseases. Cardiovascular diseases,

  malignant tumors, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Health promotion and disease prevention at different stages of life. Preconception,

  prenatal and neonatal prevention. Health needs in children and adolescents. Health

  needs in adulthood. Promotion of health in the elderly.

  Hygiene of food and of nutrition. Food hygiene. Food and health related issues.

  Microbial contamination. Cleaning and preservation of foods. Food safety.

  Environment and health. Environmental factors as determinants of health and

  disease. The environmental pollution and its effects on health. Water and its

  features. Water intended for human consumption, treatment and distribution of

  water. Mineral waters. Use of water for recreational purposes. The domestic,

  agricultural and industrial wastewater. Air pollution; the effects of air pollutants on

  health and environment. The medical waste and domestic solid wastes.

  Electromagnetic pollution. Risk factors and prevention in the areas of life and work.

  Health organization. The National Health Service in Italy: the central, regional and

  local levels. The health planning. The national health plan and the regional health

  plans. The health management.

• Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology
  

  BACTERIOLOGY

  a) Essential characteristics of bacteria known to infect humans.

  b) Most important groups of bacteria and related diseases

  VIROLOGY :

  a) Essential characteristics of bacteria known to infect humans.

  b) Most important groups of viruses and related diseases

  MYCOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY :

  a) Essential characteristics of fungi and protozoa known to infect humans.

  b) Most important groups of fungi/parasites and related diseases

  MICROORGANISM-HOST RELATIONSHIPS:

  a) The microbial population normally resident in the human body.

  b) The pathogenic mechanisms of microorganisms.

  c) The various possibilities of infection and spread of infection.

  INFECTION CONTROL:

  General concepts about disinfection, asepsys, antisepsys and sterilization (physical, chemical and biological methods)

  History, meanings and objectives of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

  a) Antibacterial chemotherapy (Classification and key characteristics of main groups of antibiotics, Mechanism of action, antibiotic resistance)

  b) Antiviral chemotherapy (Classification, Mechanism of action and resistance,Combined therapies)

  c) Antifungal drugs (Classification, Mechanism of action and resistance)

  d) Prevention (immune sera and human vaccines )

  CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY IN DENTAL CARE

  Ecological characteristics of oral cavity and microbioma. Principal microrganisms representative of oral cavity and of its patological involvement in periodontisis.

  Oral streptococci. Role of bacterial factors in microbial adherence, interaction among microorganisms, onset of microbial flora in oral cavity,

  Dental plaque: acquisition, evolution, composition, variations, microbial interactions, biochemical implications and mineralization.

  Dental caries: aetiological theories, carie as infectious disease. Principal bacteria responsible.

  Prevention of caries, Microbiological aspects of periodontal diseases, Therapeutic approaches to principal infectious diseases and infective processes of oral cavity.

  Principal groups of microbial pathogens (bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoa) expecially in odontoiatric field.

---

Textbook Information

• Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology
  

  -La Placa – Principi di Microbiologia Medica – Società Editrice Esculapio.

  -Murray P. R., Rosenthal K. S., Pfaller M. – Microbiologia medica - EMSI -

  -Lakshman Samaranayake – Essential Microbiology for Dentistry – Third edition – Churchill Livingstone, ELSEVIER.

  -Lamont R.J., Burne R.A.,Lantz M.S., LeBlanc D.J. – Microbiologia ed immunologia del cavo orale – EMSI

  -Elliott T., Worthington T., Osman H., Gill M. – Microbiologia medica ed infezioni – Quarta edizione EMSI

• Hygene
  

  Barbuti S., Fara G.M., Giammanco G. – Igiene, medicina di comunità e sanità pubblica. Edizione EDISES.2014

• Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology
  

  -La Placa – Principi di Microbiologia Medica – Società Editrice Esculapio.

  -Murray P. R., Rosenthal K. S., Pfaller M. – Microbiologia medica - EMSI -

  -Lakshman Samaranayake – Essential Microbiology for Dentistry – Third edition – Churchill Livingstone, ELSEVIER.

  -Lamont R.J., Burne R.A.,Lantz M.S., LeBlanc D.J. – Microbiologia ed immunologia del cavo orale – EMSI

  -Elliott T., Worthington T., Osman H., Gill M. – Microbiologia medica ed infezioni – Quarta edizione EMSI

---

Open in PDF format Versione in italiano