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BASI MORFOLOGICHE E FUNZIONALI

Teaching Staff

GUIDO LA ROSA - Module Biomechanics - ING-IND/34 - 2 CFU
GIOACCHINO GAUDIOSO - Module CINESIOLOGIA - MED/48 - 2 CFU
GIUSEPPE MUSUMECI - Module Human Anatomy - BIO/16 - 4 CFU

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Learning Objectives

• Biomechanics
  

  Provide the basics of biomechanics to understand the actions of external forces and internal forces on the musculo-skeletal structure.

  Acquire a basic grounding about the staying power of materials and biological tissues.

• Human Anatomy
  

  Knowledge of the macroscopic, microscopic and topographical anatomy of the main systems and systems of the human body.

  General notions on Human Anatomy and its methods of investigation. Subdivision of the human body in its various parts and its cavities; orientation of organs in space and symmetry planes; terms of position and movement. Concept of organ and apparatus.

  The student must demonstrate to understand the structural organization of the human body, from the macroscopic to the microscopic level and the topographical relationships among the structures, correlating them with the anatomical structure and function, so as to provide a rational basis on which to base their practical activity.

Course Structure

• Biomechanics
  

  Frontal lessons

• Human Anatomy
  

  Frontal teaching as the main teaching method with practical theoretical exercises on animal organs, didactic laboratory exercises with plastic models and virtual exercises with the Anatomage (virtual dissection table).

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Detailed Course Content

• Biomechanics
  

  Forces and moments. Forces composition. Biomechanical applications.

  Equilibrium conditions. Constraint reactions. Biomechanical applications.

  Internal forces. Shear and moment digrams. Biomechanical applications.

  Linear elasticity. Hooke’s law. Elastic properties of the materials. Stress and strain. Biomechanical applications.

  Tensile-compressive loading, shear loading, flexural loading, torsional loading. Normal and tangential stresses produced by the various loading forces. Biomechanical applications.

  Cyclical stresses. Fatigue of the materials.

  Viscoelastic roperties of the materials. Wear.

• Human Anatomy
  

  1. General: anatomical terms, axes and planes of the human body, hollow organs and full organs, notions of Histology and Microscopic Anatomy (*)

  2. Generalities of the Tegumentary apparatus (*)

  3. Locomotive system (*)

  Skeletal system
  Generalities on the axile and appendicular skeleton; shape of the bones.
  Overview and classification of joints: synartrosis and diarthrosis.
  Skeleton of the head:

  neurocranium and splancnocranium.
  Skeleton of the trunk:
  spine, related joints; ribs and sternum, cost-vertebral and chondro-sternal joints; the chest as a whole.
  Skeleton of the limbs:
  scapula and clavicle and related joints; humerus and scapulohumeral joint;
  radius, ulna, elbow joint, distal radio-ulnar joint;
  skeleton of the hand and related joints;
  Hip bone, pelvis as a whole;
  femur, coxo-femoral joint;
  tibia, fibula, patella, knee joint, tibio-fibular joint;
  skeleton of the foot and its joints.

  Muscle system
  Generalities on the muscles, tendons and aponeuroses, fascias, mucous bags.
  Furious muscles of the head and neck.
  Skeletal muscles:
  generality of the muscles of the head;
  neck muscles;
  chest muscles: thoraco-appendicular and intrinsic of the thorax, muscle diaphragm;
  back muscles: spino-appendiculars and generalities on spinal-rib and spinal-dorsal muscles;
  muscles of the abdomen: anterolateral and dorsal abdominal muscles;
  muscles of the upper limb: muscles of the shoulder, arm, forearm, hand;
  lower limb muscles: muscles of the hip, thigh, leg and foot.

  
  4. Cardiovascular system (*)

  General information on the blood and lymphatic system.
  Heart: external and internal morphology, relationships, structure, fibrous skeleton of the heart, musculature of the atria and ventricles, apparatus of conduction of cardiac excitations; vessels and nerves of the heart.
  Pericardium
  General information on organs and hematopoietic tissues: bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes and thymus.
  Arteries of the small circulation: pulmonary arteries.
  Veins of the small circulation: pulmonary veins.
  Arteries of the general circulation: aorta artery and its segments; branches of the aorta.
  Veins of the general circulation: veins of the heart; system of the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava; azigos vein system.

  5. Respiratory system (*)

  Generality
  External and internal nose, larynx, trachea, main bronchi and their ramifications, lungs, alveolus structure.
  Pleure.

  
  6. Digestive System (*)

  Generality
  Buccal cavity
  Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum and mesenteric intestine), large intestine (cecum, colon and rectum); liver and pancreas
  Peritoneum

  
  7. Urinary apparatus (*)

  Generality
  Kidneys, urinary excretory routes (calyxes, pelvis, ureter), bladder, male and female urethra.

  
  8. Outline of the endocrine system

  9. Overview of male and female genital apparatus (*)

  Generality
  Testes, sperm pathways (straight tubules, testis network, epididymis, deferent conduit, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts); genital glands attached to the male urethra (prostate, bulb-urethral glands)
  Ovaries, uterine trumpets, uterus and vagina

  10. General Central and Peripheral Nervous System.

   

  11. Hints of meaning:

  Eye, general information on the ocular globe.

   

  Ear, generality and division in: external, middle and internal ear.

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Textbook Information

• Biomechanics
  

  1. R. Pietrabissa: Biomateriali per protesi ed organi artificiali. Patron. Bologna, 1996.

  2. B.F. LeVeau: Biomeccanica del movimento umano. Verduci Ed., 1993.

  3. V. Pirola. Cinesiologia. Il movimento umano. II edizione. Edi-Ermes 2017.

  4. Course notes.

• Human Anatomy
  
  1. ANATOMIA - FONDAMENTI - Edi-Ermes, Milano

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