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PHYSIOLOGY

Teaching Staff

DEBORA LO FURNO - Module PHYSIOLOGY - Part I - BIO/09 - 6 CFU
ANTONINO CASABONA - Module FISIOLOGIA II - BIO/09 - 6 CFU

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Learning Objectives

• PHYSIOLOGY - Part I
  

  At the end of the course the student knows the basic functional mechanisms of homeostasis of the internal medium, from the cellular level to the integrated physiology of the organs and systems - He is able to describe the basic functioning of the circulatory and respiratory systems , digestive and renal and the dynamic integration of their functions for the maintenance of normal conditions of survival and health of the human organism. - He is able to evaluate the main cardio-circulatory and respiratory function parameters of subjects in normal and rest conditions.

• FISIOLOGIA II
  

  At the end of the course the student knows the basic functional mechanisms of cellular excitability and synaptic trasmission - He is able to describe the basic functioning of muscular, nervous and endocrine systems and their dinamical integration to regulate visceral and relational organizations of human organism- He is able to evaluate the main functional parameters in relation to nervous and endocrine activities, with particular attention to the control of muscular contraction.

Course Structure

• PHYSIOLOGY - Part I
  

  Frontal lessons

• FISIOLOGIA II
  

  Frontal lessons

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Detailed Course Content

• PHYSIOLOGY - Part I
  

  CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

  Functional anatomy of the heart and blood vessels.

  Cardiac electrical activity. The electrocardiogram.

  Mechanical cycle of the heart. The cardiac output.

  The adjustment of cardiac activity.

  THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD

  Main structural and functional characteristics of the blood.

  Principles of hemodynamics

  The circulation of blood in arteries, capillaries, veins.

  Circles district.

  The cardiovascular adaptations to exercise

  RESPIRATORY

  Functional anatomy of the respiratory system.

  Respiratory mechanics .Spirometry.

  Gas exchange and transport of respiratory gases in blood.

  The regulation of respiration

  Answer respiratory muscle exercise

  URINARY

  Functional anatomy of the urinary tract.

  The nephron. The glomerular ultrafiltration

  Reabsorption and tubular secretion. The excretion of nitrogenous substances

  The renal regulation of blood pressure, water-salt balance and acid-base balance.

  DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

  Functional anatomy of the organs of the digestive system.

  Oral cavity

  Functions of the stomach

  Intestinal secretions. Bile, pancreatic juice.

  Movements and the intestinal absorption

  Elimination of feces

  HUMAN NUTRITION

  Food and nutrition. The constituents of living matter.

  Energy requirements.

  Needs for protein, fat and carbohydrate.

  Need for vitamins and minerals.

  Regulation of food intake

  TEMPERATURE CONTROL

  Thermogenesis. the heat dispersion

  Central regulation of body temperature

  Responses to heat. Responses to cold

• FISIOLOGIA II
  

  ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Pituitary gland. Hypothalamic control. Thyroid. Calcium homeostasis: calcitonin and parathyroid
  hormones. Adrenal gland
  Gonads and reproductive system. Endocrine pancreas. Glucose homeostasis. Gastrointestinal hormones
  NERVOUS SYSTEM Neuronal excitability. Membrane potential. Action potential. Propagation of the action potential.
  Chemical and electrical synapses. Neurotransmitters. The neuromuscular junction
  SENSITIVE FUNCTION Sensory receptors. Organization of the sensory systems. Sense of touch, pain and
  temperature. The thalamus and the cerebral cortex. Physiology of vision and hearing.
  MOTOR FUNCTIONS Hierarchical organization of motor systems. Spinal mechanisms of motor coordination: reflex
  actions. Postural control and vestibular reflexes. The cerebellum, the basal ganglia. Organization of cortical areas
  involved in voluntary movement.
  HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY Behavior, consciousness and language. Memory and learning. Conditioned reflexes.
  Sleep-wake cycle. The electroencephalogram.
  VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The hypothalamus. The limbic system.
  MUSCULAR SYSTEM. Muscle cells. The sarcomere. Main properties of muscle contraction. Energy metabolism for
  muscular work. The motor units

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Textbook Information

• PHYSIOLOGY - Part I
  

  Various Authors - FISIOLOGIA UMANA - Elementi (Eds.)- edi.ermes, Milano.

  Silverthorn – FISIOLOGIA –Ambrosiana, Milano.

• FISIOLOGIA II
  

  Fisiologia umana, Autori vari, edi ermes, 2019

  Fisiologia umana, D.U Silverthorn, Pearson Italia, 2017

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