Provide basic knowledge about microorganisms and their role as human pathogens.
Provide basic knowledge on the microbial pathogenicity, on the host-parasite
relationships and on the interactions between microorganisms and antimicrobial
agents. Provide knowledge on the general principles of prophylaxis and of diagnosis
of infectious diseases, with particular attention to odontostomatologic diseases.
To have depth knowledge regarding: sources and methods for health data collection, epidemiological methods for their analysis and interpretation, causes of death, health determinants and risk factors in the lifestyle, health determinants and social risk factors, methods for the prevention of chronic diseases, mode of occurrence and spread of infections, interventions on individuals and on communities for their prevention, principles and application of preventive medicine in the community, principles and methods of communication applied to health information and health education for oral hygiene, sanification in odontoiatric environment, odontostomatological diseases of social interest.
The aim of the course is to provide students with the fundamental concepts regarding antimicrobial drugs and resistance mechanisms of microrganisms in humans.
The basic elements, objectives of Course of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, regarding microbial physiology and pathogenicity, host-parasite relationships, and interactions between microorganisms and antimicrobial agents, as well as the essential principles of the prophylaxis and diagnosis of infectious diseases, particularly in Dentistry, will be related.
Lectures
BACTERIOLOGY
a) Essential characteristics of bacteria known to infect humans.
b) Most important groups of bacteria and related diseases
VIROLOGY :
a) Essential characteristics of bacteria known to infect humans.
b) Most important groups of viruses and related diseases
MYCOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY :
a) Essential characteristics of fungi and protozoa known to infect humans.
b) Most important groups of fungi/parasites and related diseases
MICROORGANISM-HOST RELATIONSHIPS:
a) The microbial population normally resident in the human body.
b) The pathogenic mechanisms of microorganisms.
c) The various possibilities of infection and spread of infection.
INFECTION CONTROL:
General concepts about disinfection, asepsys, antisepsys and sterilization (physical, chemical and biological methods)
History, meanings and objectives of antimicrobial chemotherapy.
a) Antibacterial chemotherapy (Classification and key characteristics of main groups of antibiotics, Mechanism of action, antibiotic resistance)
b) Antiviral chemotherapy (Classification, Mechanism of action and resistance,Combined therapies)
c) Antifungal drugs (Classification, Mechanism of action and resistance)
d) Prevention (immune sera and human vaccines )
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY IN DENTAL CARE
Ecological characteristics of oral cavity and microbioma. Principal microrganisms representative of oral cavity and of its patological involvement in periodontisis.
Oral streptococci. Role of bacterial factors in microbial adherence, interaction among microorganisms, onset of microbial flora in oral cavity,
Dental plaque: acquisition, evolution, composition, variations, microbial interactions, biochemical implications and mineralization.
Dental caries: aetiological theories, carie as infectious disease. Principal bacteria responsible.
Prevention of caries, Microbiological aspects of periodontal diseases, Therapeutic approaches to principal infectious diseases and infective processes of oral cavity.
Principal groups of microbial pathogens (bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoa) expecially in odontoiatric field.
DEFINITION AND OBJECTIVES OF HYGIENE
INTRODUCTION TO SANITARY DEMOGRAPHY
EPIDEMIOLOGY: OBJECTIVES AND APPLICATION
The most important epidemiological measures. Sources of sanitary data. Epidemiological studies: descriptive epidemiology; analytical epidemiology; experimental epidemiology.
GENERAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Infection and disease; reservoirs, sources. Routes of transmission (vehicles and vectors). Infectious diseases within a population. Transmission chains
INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN ODONTOIATRY
The mode of spread of diseases: aerial transmission (diphtheria, flue, meningococcal meningitides, parotitis, rubella, tuberculosis, legionellosis); by biological fluids (SIDA, viral hepatitis B, viral hepatitis C, herpetic viruses’ infections)
PROPHYLAXIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Sanification in dental practices. Cleaning. Sanification in odontoiatric environment. Sterilization. Hand hygiene Disinfection. Primary prevention of infectious diseases. Vaccinal prophylaxis. Recommended vaccinations in odontoiatry. Vaccination calendar. Serum prophylaxis
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NON INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Multifactoriality. Risk factors. Risk evaluation
NON INFECTIOUS DISEASES: PURPOSES AND LEVELS OF PREVENTION
AIMS OF NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES PREVENTION
Primary prevention. Secondary prevention: Screening. Tertiary prevention
HEALTH EDUCATION
Definition and historical evolution of health education. General principles and methodology of health education. Program and evaluation of educational interventions on communities to educate a community on oral health
HYGIENE AND SAFETY IN ODONTOIATRIC ENVIROMENT
ODONTOSTOMATOLOGICAL DISEASES OF SOCIAL INTEREST
Epidemiology of dental caries. The DMFT. Prevention Epidemiology of periodontal disease. Classification of periodontitis. Risk factors. Prevention. Dental trauma
Pregnancy and oral health
History and role of antimicrobial chemotherapy in the world
Selective toxicity and mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs.
Microbiological characteristics of principal groups of antimicrobial drugs: spectrum of activity, bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity, determination of M.I.C. ed M.B.C.
Principal adverse and toxic effects of antimicrobial agents.
Antimicrobial susceptibility "in vitro" evaluation.
Actual different methods of testing for antibiogram.
Mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial drugs.
Innate and acquired antibiotic resistance of bacteria.
Cromosomic and plasmidial resistance
Genetic mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
Different phenotypic patterns of antibiotic resistance
News on spread of antimicrobial drugs resistance and related problems for human health in Medicine.
-La Placa – Principi di Microbiologia Medica – Società Editrice Esculapio.
-Murray P. R., Rosenthal K. S., Pfaller M. – Microbiologia medica - EMSI -
-Lakshman Samaranayake – Essential Microbiology for Dentistry – Third edition – Churchill Livingstone, ELSEVIER.
-Lamont R.J., Burne R.A.,Lantz M.S., LeBlanc D.J. – Microbiologia ed immunologia del cavo orale – EMSI
-Elliott T., Worthington T., Osman H., Gill M. – Microbiologia medica ed infezioni – Quarta edizione EMSI
Igiene in Odontoiatria: M.T. Montagna, P. Castiglia, G. Liguori, M. Quarto. - Monduzzi Editore
-La Placa – Principi di Microbiologia Medica – Società Editrice Esculapio.
-Murray P. R., Rosenthal K. S., Pfaller M. – Microbiologia medica - EMSI -
-Lakshman Samaranayake – Essential Microbiology for Dentistry – Third edition – Churchill Livingstone, ELSEVIER.
-Lamont R.J., Burne R.A.,Lantz M.S., LeBlanc D.J. – Microbiologia ed immunologia del cavo orale – EMSI
-Elliott T., Worthington T., Osman H., Gill M. – Microbiologia medica ed infezioni – Quarta edizione EMSI