ANATOMY I - channel 2

Provide the foundation for understanding the functions of the human body and the morphological and architectural organization of the locomotor apparatus, the cardiovascular apparatus, lymphatic system and the integumentary apparatus. At the end of the course the student will be able to: 1) Describe the bones and joints of the human body, with functional references 2) Describe the form and function of skeletal muscles and their innervation 3) Describe the form, size and relationships of cardiovascular, lymphatic and integumentary organs.

General morphology of the human body

Study criteria and Topographic Anatomy Systematics. Terminology anatomoclinica. Functional characteristics and constituent bodies of the apparatus and systems of the human body. Solid organs and hollow organs. Topographical organization of the human body. Regions of particular interest anatomical – clinical. Axillary region. Inguinal region - abdomen. Inguinal region - femur. The popliteal fossa.

Locomotor apparatus.

General information on bones. Generalities and classification of joints. Characteristics and classification of synarthrosis and synovial joints. Types of motion of synovial joints. General characteristics of skeletal muscles and classification criteria. Skull. Neurocranium and splanchnocranium. Surface front, side and rear of the skull. Inner and outer surface of the cranial vault. Inner and outer surface of the skull base, with particular regard to the nerve-holes. Temporo-mandibular joint. Muscles of the head, muscles of mastication, observations about facial muscles and their bands. Hyoid bone. Spine: the structure of the vertebra type; regional characteristics of the vertebrae; spine as a whole and physiological curves. Joints of the spine. Cranio-vertebral joints.

Muscles and fascia of the neck. Rib Cage: ribs, sternum and joints. Chest muscles: intrinsic muscles and thoraco-appendicular. Muscles of the back: spinal-appendicular, spino-costal and general information about the deep muscles of the back. Pelvis: bones, joints, muscles and fascia of the wall of the abdomen and pelvis. Upper limb: the skeleton, joints and muscles. Lower limb: the skeleton, joints and muscles.

Cardiovascular Apparatus

Generality of the circulatory blood and lymph. Fetal circulation and postnatal. Structure of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. Classification and functional morphology of the blood and lymph vessels. Work on the development of the embryo. Mediastinum. Heart: location, size and shape; configuration external cavity and valves. Structure of the heart walls: fibrous skeleton; muscles of the atria and ventricles; epicardium and endocardium; apparatus conduction of excitation of the heart. Vascularization and innervation of the heart. Pericardium.

Large circulation

Aorta: upward and its branches; arch of the aorta and its branches; descending aorta, thoracic and abdominal, with its branches parietal and visceral. Distribution of the branches of the aorta. Anastomotic circles, with particular reference to the circle of Willis.

Small circulation

Caval veins and venous return. Constitution of the superior vena cava, deep and superficial veins of the upper limb, jugular veins, venous sinuses of the dura mater, the azygous veins, collateral circulation-inferior vena cava cava sup. Constitution of the inferior vena cava and afferent vein and roots, deep and superficial veins of the lower limb.

Lymphatic System

General. Distribution and structure of the lymphatic vessels. Lymphatic circulation with a description of the main collectors. Timo. Spleen. Lymph nodes with major nodal stations. Bone marrow.

Integumentary System

Structure of the skin and skin appendages (hair, nails, skin glands, mammary gland).

Giuseppe Anastasi et al., Trattato di anatomia umana, Edi Ermes, Milano.