ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY II AND LABORATORY A - L

The aim is to provide ba ckground information on instrumental analytical chemistry with specific reference to spectroscopy and electrochemistry.

1. Spectroscopy

Electromagnetic radiation: photoelectric effect, diffraction, mathematical representation, electromegnetic spectrum, refraction, refraction index, Snell law, total internal reflection. Radiation-matter interaction: replection, transmission/adsorption, diffusion( Rayleigh, Mie, Raman). Polarization. Adsorption and emission of radiation. Atomic adsorption.

Molecular adsorption: vibration and rotation. Fluorescence and phosphorescence. Jablonski diagram.

2. UV-vis spectroscopy

Trasmittance, adsorbance, Beer’s law: limit, chemical deviations, instrumental deviations. Photometers and spectrophotometers. Spetrophotometers: single beam, double beams. Sources. Filters and monochromators. Prisms. Transducers.

3. Infrared spectroscopy

Armonic and anarmonic oscillators. Vibrational modes, Fourier transform. Michelson interferometer. Sources. Infrared spectra. Sample requirements. Diffuse reflectance. ATR. Ifrared microscopy.

Raman spectroscopy

Raman effect. Polarizability. Comparison with IR spectroscopy. Sources. Raman microscopy.

Electroanalytical methods. Potentiometry

X-ray Fluorescence.

Laser

Statistics.

Diodes. LED, Operational amplifiers.

Skoog, Holler, Nieman, “Principles of Instrumental Analysis”, Saunders College publishing.