RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES.
Basic Energy Concepts. Energy Conversion. Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conversion Devices. Energy Transfer and Conversion Methods. Renewable Energy Sources. Solar Energy: Solar heating, solar power plants, high concentration photovoltaic, thermodynamic solar tracking, solar cooling systems. Biomass Energy: Direct conversion (combustion of biomass). Indirect conversion (chemical conversion to biofuel). Hydro Energy; Geothermal Energy: Power plants, direct use. Ocean Energy: Tidal Power and Wave Energy. Wind Energy: Wind farm and small wind turbines.
MACHINES CLASSIFICATION.
POWER PLANTS AND CYCLES - General data on engine systems - Fossil and nuclear fuel- hydraulic and thermal systems. Cycles, efficiency and cost of energy.
- Fluid motion in ducts with energy exchange - Mechanical and thermal energy equations, applications. Analytical processes and graphical study of compression and expansion. Works and performance. Conditions of stagnation.
- Fixed and mobile ducts - Hugoniot's equations. State of pressure and capacity in the nozzles. References to diffusers. Euleriane power expressions. Energetic balance of a stage. Fluid machines blades.
- Positive displacement: reciprocating and rotative pumps and compressors, positive displacement machines. Centrifugal and axial flow pumps and compressors. Internal and external characteristics of the machine. Adjustment and operation limits.
- Steam and gas turbomachinery engine - reaction and action stages. Speed triangles, efficiency. Curtis stage. Flow rate disposal. Characteristic curves.
- Hydraulic turbines: Pelton, Francis, Kaplan. Characteristic speed. Cavitation process. Recovery of the kinetic energy during the outlet phase.
- Gas turbine - Open and closed circuit systems. Real and maximum efficiency. Various outlines of system. Materials for high temperatures. References to adjustment.
- Steam engines systems - Rankine and Hirn cycles. Condensation and counter pressure systems. Thermal resuperheating and regeneration: efficiency. Examples of systems and elements. Cogenerative systems. Combined gas and steam systems.
- Volumetric reciprocating compressors: Maximum operation of a simple-effect reciprocating compressor. Real operation of a simple-effect reciprocating compressor. Multistage reciprocating compressors. Approximate dimensioning. Adjustment of the range.
- Internal combustion engines – Reference-cycles. Diagram of the distribution. Power expressions. Indicated cycle, average pressure. Spark-ignition engines: regular combustion and detonation. Polluting emissions. Compression-ignition engines: combustion, power limits. References to the supercharging.
1. C.CAPUTO:"Gli impianti motori termici" - ESA
2. O.ACTON - C.CAPUTO: “Introduzione allo studio delle macchine” - UTET
3. C.CAPUTO: “Le Turbomacchine” – Vol. II. MASSON
4. O.ACTON - C.CAPUTO: “Compressori ed espansori volumetrici” - UTET
5. L. CATALANO – M. NAPOLITANO: “Elementi di macchine operatrici a fluido” – PITAGORA EDITRICE
6. M. BIANCHI – F. MELINO – A. PERETTO: “Sistemi energetici” – PITAGORA EDITRICE – Bologna – Vol.1, 2, 3
7. C. D’AMELIO – “Elementi di macchine. Le turbine idrauliche” – Fridericiana Editrice Universitaria
8. O.ACTON: "Turbomacchine" - UTET
9. A.BECCARI-C.CAPUTO:"Motori termici volumetrici" – UTET
10. D. GIACOSA: “Motori endotermici” - HOEPLI