ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Pituitary gland. Hypothalamic control. Thyroid. Calcium homeostasis: calcitonin and parathyroid hormones. Adrenal gland
Gonads and reproductive system. Endocrine pancreas. Glucose homeostasis. Gastrointestinal hormones
NERVOUS SYSTEM Neuronal excitability. Membrane potential. Action potential. Propagation of the action potential. Chemical and electrical synapses. Neurotransmitters. The neuromuscular junction
SENSITIVE FUNCTION Sensory receptors. Organization of the sensory systems. Sense of touch, pain and temperature. The thalamus and the cerebral cortex. Physiology of vision and hearing.
MOTOR FUNCTIONS Hierarchical organization of motor systems. Spinal mechanisms of motor coordination: reflex actions. Postural control and vestibular reflexes. The cerebellum, the basal ganglia. Organization of cortical areas involved in voluntary movement.
HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY Behavior, consciousness and language. Memory and learning. Conditioned reflexes. Sleep-wake cycle. The electroencephalogram.
VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The hypothalamus. The limbic system.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM. Muscle cells. The sarcomere. Main properties of muscle contraction. Energy metabolism for muscular work. The motor units
Various Authors - FISIOLOGIA DELL’UOMO - di Prampero P.E. and Veicsteinas A. (Eds.)- edi.ermes, Milano .
Silverthorn – FISIOLOGIA –Ambrosiana, Milano.