Università degli Studi di Catania

Endodontic diagnoses Pulp vitality tests Pulp and periapical pathology Radiographies in endodontics Anesthesia in endodontics The endodontic pre-treatment Operative field isolation: the rubber dam The standardized endodontic instruments. Files, reamers, broaches The nickel-titanium endodontic instruments with a taper increased Biological objectives of cleaning and shaping root canals Cleansing endodontic space The preparation of the access cavity in different teeth The access cavity through the abutments and crowns The root canal pathway Determination of the working length Apical limit of preparation: anatomic, electronic, endodontic or radiographic apex Root canal preparation techniques The preparation of the root canal according to the Schilder technique The curved channels. The obliterated root canals The treatment of teeth with vital or necrotic pulp Filling of the endodontic space: biological principles, materials and techniques Properties of filling materials The gutta-percha. Lateral condensation of gutta-percha Vertical compaction of warm gutta-percha using the technique of Schilder The Thermafil. The Simplefil The continuous wave of condensation technique: System B and Obtura II syringe The Microseal technique The Ocalexic therapy Endodontic treatment of primary teeth and teeth with immature apex The root resorption Endo-periodontal lesions Endodontic retreatment Endodontic surgery: indications, limitas and operating procedures microsurgical Endodontics The retrograde filling The root-end cut in endodontic surgery The lasers in endodontics Ultrasound in endodontics Endodontics emergency Complications in the course of endodontic treatments The replacement, the transplantation or the allograft of the tooth.

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