The General Chemistry course provides the basic knowledge of the atomic structure of chemical species, chemical bonds, general properties of solutions, general features of the reactions (stoichiometry, spontaneity, completeness, rate) and the main parameters which affect these properties, elements of thermodynamics and kinetic. The student is able to identify the structure, geometry and nomenclature of inorganic compounds and the student is able to balance chemical reaction starting from reagents and to predict if they are or not spontaneous reactions.
The course aims to provide the basic informations on organic chemistry and describe the structure and functions of molecules in living cells
This module aims to provide a preparation in Applied Biology suitable for understanding the basic notions of modern General Biology (Cellular and Molecular) with elements of Genetics and Molecular Genetics, together with the learning and use of a correct scientific language and strict.
At the end of the module, the student will have acquired the basic notions on the morphology and function of specific cellular systems, as well as on the mechanisms underlying the inheritance of characters and the flow of genetic information contained in the latter. At the same time he will have acquired a study method that tends to support the understanding of the existing structure / function relationship for each cellular component or compartment, and the relationship it has in the context of the cell.
The learning of these notions will therefore make clear to the student the mechanisms of passage from the genotype to the molecular and cellular phenotype, both in physiological and pathological conditions, a necessary preparation for the understanding of the techniques used in the biomedical laboratory for the evaluation of biological parameters of human subjects. .
With reference to the Dublin Descriptors, this course helps to acquire the following transversal skills:
D1- KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING When the course is finished, in order to pass the exam the students must demonstrate that they have acquired inductive and deductive reasoning skills in the scientific field and knowledge regarding the general concepts of living matter: the flow and the regulation of gene information, cellular modifications following a stimulus, the intra- and extra-cellular communication pathways, the application of cellular communication in “vitro” and in “vivo”, the foundations of Mendelian genetics.
D2-ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student will have to demonstrate (1) the ability to recognize the most common mechanisms underlying cellular communication, as well as the related gene function in order to be able to face in subsequent courses, the study of normal and pathological functions of the human body; (2) Ability to apply the acquired knowledge for the description of intra- and inter-cellular biological phenomena, rigorously using the scientific method.
D3-AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT The student must have acquired the ability of critical reasoning, as well as the knowledge for the understanding of the existing structure / function relationship for each cellular component or compartment and their application in the various biological systems.
D4-COMMUNICATION SKILLS The student must have the ability to interact professionally and competently with public and private entities. The student must have the ability to transmit the knowledge acquired in a clear and understandable way and accessible to non-competent people. with properties of language and terminological rigor.
D5-LEARNING SKILLS The student must be able to examine and understand scientific texts, illustrating motivations and results, demonstrating to have learned an analytical and critical study method, a scientific language characterized by a correct and rigorous terminology and a modality of description organized and understandable, in order to use them in everyday contexts for the profession and for research.
Class lessons and exercises discussed in class with the teacher, power point presentations.
The students have to take a written test composed by questions and problems. The students with an evaluation equal or higher than 18/30 have the possibility to take an oral exam (optional).
The frequency is mandatory as established by the Regulation.
The course includes lectures and classroom exercises.
During the course, additional teaching material will be distributed in electronic format by Studium
The course is organized in lectures and classroom exercises. Insights on specific topics are presented as participation in seminars & webinars, with the guidance of the teacher and following discussion on the topics covered. The frequency to the lecture is mandatory.
The student must have acquired the basic knowledge in the field of Biology provided by the normal high school curricula relating to the main cellular processes necessary for the understanding of the normal and pathological biological molecular mechanisms of living organisms. A good knowledge of English is desirable to consult scientific texts and articles, and to use webinars in the language.
Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus. Learning assessment may also be carried out on line, should the conditions require it.
Aggregation states of matter
Atoms and elemental classification
Radioactivity
Chemical bond: General concepts.
Solutions: General properties of solutions.
Acidity of solutions: pH. Acid-base reactions. Buffers. pH and solubility.
Organic chemistry
Biochemistry
The general characteristics of living matter. Chemical composition of living matter. Cell theory.
THE BASES OF THE BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION - Classification of organisms. Structure and function of the prokaryotic cell: plasma membrane, cell wall, nucleoid. Structure and function of eukaryotic cells: plasma membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, nucleoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi complex, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton (microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments). Virus (mode of infection, lytic and lysogenic cycle).
NUCLEIC ACIDS - structure and function of DNA and RNA.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE GENE - Gene structure in prokaryotes: organization of operons. Gene structure in eukaryotes: function of promoters, exons and introns.
DUPLICATION OF DNA - Model of semiconservative replication. General characteristics of DNA duplication: DNA polymerases, topoisomerases, the replication bubble, Okazaki fragments, "proofreading". Replication in bacteria. Replication in eukaryotes: telomere replication.
RNA TRANSCRIPTION AND MATURATION - Dogma of molecular biology. Structure and function of the ANNs of the first, second and third class. General characteristics of the transcription. RNA polymerases. The transcription factors. Transcription in prokaryotes: beginning and termination of transcription.
Transcription in eukaryotes: assembly of the pre-initiation complex, end of transcription. Mechanisms of mRNA maturation: capping, polyA tail, splicing.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS - The properties of the genetic code. The translation apparatus: structure and function of ribosomes and tRNAs. Beginning of the translation. Elongation. Termination.
MYTHOSIS AND MEIOSIS - Genetic significance of meiosis.
MENDELIAN GENETICS
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Riquadri laterali
Cronologia
Salvate
Contribuisci
Chimica, biochimica e biologia applicata (Massimo Stefani Niccolò Taddei - Zanichelli)
Chimica per le Scienze Biomediche (George I. Sackheim, Dennis D. Lehman- EdiSES)
- Chimica biochimica e biologia applicata - M. Stefani e N. Taddei - Zanichelli Editore
Recommended reading for Biochemistry insights:
- Introduzione alla Biochimica di Lehninger - D.L. Nelson, M.M. Cox - Zanichelli Editore
- Principi di Biochimica di Lehninger - D.L. Nelson, M.M. Cox - Zanichelli Editor
Teaching material is provided by the teacher and is available as pdf files on Studium (studium.unict.it). It will be based on handouts and articles or monographs taken from the scientific literature as well as the slides shown in class.
Information for students with disabilities and / or SLD
To guarantee equal opportunities and in compliance with the laws in force, interested students can ask for a personal interview in order to plan any compensatory and / or dispensatory measures, based on the didactic objectives and specific needs.
Textbook
The following volume is suggested as a basic text for the three modules of the entire course. This text is NOT sufficient to satisfy the minimum program, but can be used as a single book for the course, in order to deepen the topics with the contents of the lessons, and / or handouts, and / or integration from the volumes indicated below with the nr. 3 (Sadava et al) and 4 (Alberts et al)
0. Chimica, biochimica e biologia applicata - Stefani, Taddei - Zanicehlli 2015
The following texts are Sufficient to satisfy the minimum of program, combined with the insights presented during the lectures
1. Elements of Biology - Curtis, Barnes, Schnek Massarini - Zanichelli 2017
2. Biology and Genetics - Donati, Stefani and Taddei - Zanichelli, 2019
A more complete text, with many insights: sufficient for those interested in continuing in scientific and research training through a Master's or a Master's degree program upon completion of this degree course:
3. Elements of Biology and Genetics - Sadava, Hillis, Heller, Hacker - Zanichelli, 2019
A very complete text, with many insights, including interdisciplinary connections and at a molecular level: optimal for those who are interested in continuing in a scientific and research training through a Master or a Master's degree program upon completion of this degree course:
4. Essential of Molecular Biology of the Cell - Alberts, Bray, Hopkin et al. Zanichelli 2015
NOTE: In any case, it is necessary to use the most recent edition of the reference texts, even with respect to the one indicated.