At the end of the course the student will get the ability to describe, in a complete way and with right terms, the structural organization of the human body in healthy conditions and the contributions of the structure to the function, in order to be able to apply this knowledge to nursing practice. The student will have to demonstrate complete knowledge of the human body, to describe the macro and microscopic constitution of the apparatuses, systems and organs that compose it.
CLO didactic organization, professional profile, Code of Ethics.
- Healthcare provider in the Health Organization.
-Communication and security within health facilities.
- The basic needs of Man.
- Prevention of infections.
- Patient unit, body mechanics, cleansing and skin care (hot and cold application).
- Detection of vital signs, foods and liquids.
- Fecal and urinary elimination.
- Procedures and assistance during medical examinations and special treatments.
- The administration and storage of drugs.
-The patient underwent surgery (pre-post surgery).
-House assistance.
The Histology module purpose is to provide students with appropriate skills on the processes of histogenesis and human embryology, with a detailed description of human prenatal development in the various stages of development, from the zygote (fertilization) to the embryo (embryogenesis) up to IV week of development and on the fundamental aspects of the tissues of the human body.
General knowledge on the molecular basis of the life, from the fundamental chemical properties of the substances, the structure and function of macromolecules in life processes, both at cellular and extracellular level, the metabolic transformations of the biomolecules necessary for the human body function. In addition, the student will understand the meaning of the variations of the main metabolic pathways in various physiological and pathological contexts, particularly with regard to the regulation, by peptide and steroid hormones, of metabolic pathways in the state of fasting and in the state of good nutrition.
Frontal teaching, e-learning, using PowerPoint, integrating with case reports, images and recent references.
FRONTAL LESSONS AND LABORATORY
via telematics
Lectures and exercises. If the teaching is given in a mixed or remote way, the necessary changes with respect to what was previously stated may be introduced, in order to respect the program envisaged and reported in the syllabus.
Traditional lectures
Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.
Learning assessment may also be carried out on line, should the conditions require it.
The course aims to address the main characteristics of anatomical organization of organs and systems and of the fundamental principles of topographic and clinical anatotomy for nursing practice.
TOPICS COVERED
COURSE PRESENTATION. HUMAN ANATOMICAL REGIONS. Anatomy terminology and structural organization of human body.Human anatomical regions. Anatomical positions and movements of the human body. Human body cavities.
THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM. The structure and functions of the skin. The skin appendages: sebaceous glands, hair, nails, sweat glands.
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. Description and characteristics of the principal glands. Position, relationships, and function of: pituitary or pituitary gland (anterior and posterior lobes), epiphysis or pinal gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas and gonads.
THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM. Osteology: description of the skull, of the pectoral girdle (clavicles and scapulae), of the pelvic girdle and of the limbs. Vertebral column, thoracic cage (sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and costal cartilages). Arthrology: description of the synovial joints (articular cartilage, joint capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, discs and menisci, ligaments). Myology: description of the main muscles with their origins, insertions, actions and innervations (axial muscles of the head, neck and back; muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax; muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limb; appendicular muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs).
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Heart: function, position, relationships, structure, morphology, valves and fibrous skeleton. Systemic and pulmonary circulation. Cardiac conduction system. General features the vascularization of the head, intra and extracranial cerebral districts (carotid and vertebrobasilar systems and circle of Willis). The main arterial vessels of the thorax and abdomen (aorta and its main branches). The main arterial vessels of the limbs. the most important venous vessels of the head and neck, of the thorax, of the abdomen (with particular attention to the portal vein), veins of the upper limbs (with particular attention to the superficial circulation) and veins of the lower limbs (superficial and deep circulation).
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. Organization of the lymphatic vessels, macroscopic anatomy of the thymus and spleen, structure of lymph nodes.
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. General features, functions and organization of the respiratory system. The upper respiratory tract: nose and nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx and larynx. The tracheo-bronchial tree: trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. The lungs, the pleurae and the lower respiratory tract. Diaphragm and main respiratory muscles.
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. General features, structure and function of the digestive system. -Oral cavity, tongue, teeth and salivary glands - General features, position, relationships, morphology and structure of: Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), Large intestine (cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigma, rectum, anus), Liver, Gallbladder and bile duct, Pancreas.
THE URINARY SYSTEM. General features of: kidneys and urinary tract (minor and major calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, male and female urethra).
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. The female reproductive system: General features of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and vulva. The male reproductive system: General features of scrotum, testicles, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, prostate, penis.
NEUROANATOMY. General features and organization (Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomous Nervous System). Brainstem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Telencephalon, Limbic System. Functions of specific cortical areas. Basic features of Spinal cord and spinal nerves. Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. Principal Cranial Nerves generalities.
RECEPTORS AND SENSORY ORGANS. Sensory receptors (chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors). Specific sensory system. FINAL CONCLUSIONS.
OBLIGATORY AS A REGULATION
The course develops the knowledge of the different cell types and their organization in the various constituent tissues of the human body, therefore skills on the morphological and microscopic structure of the tissues in the different components. Furthermore, the aim of the course is to provide the student with a general knowledge of human embryology with a detailed description of human prenatal development in the various stages of development, from the zygote (fertilization) to the embryo (embryogenesis) to the fetus (organogenesis) up to birth. , with reference to the related control and regulation mechanisms. For more details on the contents, see PROGRAMMING
1. Ambrosi G. et al.: Human Anatomy - Elements, Ed. Edi-Ermes
2. Thomas R.G.: Anatomy Atlas, Ed. Piccin
3. Shier D. et al.: Hole's Anatomy and Physiology for health care jobs, Ed. McGraw-Hill
4. Passaponti A. et al.: Human Anatomy, Ed. Edi-Ermes (for further informations consult)
NATIONAL GUIDELINES
EMBRIOLOGIA:
1. Moore, Persaud, Torchia - Lo sviluppo prenatale dell’uomo, 9° ed.- edra
ISTOLOGIA:
2. V. Monesi - ISTOLOGIA 6° ediz.- Piccin
3. ADAMO, N. BERNARDINI, C. BOITANI,.... E. ZIPARO - Elementi di Istologia e cenni di1. Embriologia – Piccin