MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

The course aims to provide basic knowledge about materials of interest for civil engineering, correlating the application characteristics to the composition, structure, production and processing technologies.

The course will be done through lectures, ongoing tests and exercises. If course should be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.

1.GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS. The Price and Availability of Materials. 2. STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. The Elastic Moduli. Definition of Stress. Definition of Strain. Hooke's Law. Measurement of Young's Modulus. Bonding between Atoms. The condensed states of matter. Interatomic forces. Packing of Atoms in Solids. The Physical Basis of Young's Modulus. Moduli of Crystals. Rubbers and the Glass Transition Temperature. Composites. Yield Strength, Tensile Strength, and Ductility. Linear and Nonlinear Elasticity. Load–Extension Curves for Nonelastic (Plastic) Behavior. True Stress–Strain Curves for Plastic Flow. Plastic Work. Tensile Testing. The Hardness Test. Dislocations and Yielding in Crystals. Strengthening Methods and Plasticity of Polycrystals Fast Fracture and Toughness. Micromechanisms of Fast Fracture. Probabilistic Fracture of Brittle Materials. Fatigue Failure. Creep and Creep Fracture. Kinetic Theory of Diffusion. Mechanisms of Creep, and Creep-Resistant Materials. 3. METALS Metal Structures. Phase Diagrams. Driving Force for Solidification. Solid-State Phase Diffusive Transformations. Solid-State Phase Changes. Nucleation. Displacive Transformations. Diffusive F.C.C. to B.C.C. Transformation in Pure Iron. Time–Temperature–Transformation Diagram. Displacive F.C.C. to B.C.C. Transformation. Details of Martensite Formation. Light Alloys. Solid Solution Hardening. Age (Precipitation) Hardening. Carbon Steels. Microstructures after slow cooling and their mechanical properties. Quenched-and-Tempered Steels. Alloy Steels. Stainless Steels. Cast Iron. 4.POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES. Polymer Structures. Molecular Length. Molecular Architecture. Molecular Packing and Glass Transition. Mechanical Properties of Polymers. Stiffness—Time and Temperature Dependent Modulus. Strength—Cold Drawing and Crazing. Composites. Properties of Composites. Fiber Composites. Modulus. Tensile Strength. Toughness. 5. CORROSION. Oxidation of Materials. The Energy of Oxidation. Rates of Oxidation. Micromechanisms. Wet Corrosion of Materials. Voltage Differences as the Driving Force for Wet Oxidation. Pourbaix (Electrochemical Equilibrium) Diagrams. Localized Attack. 6. CEMENT AND CONCRETE Chemistry of Cement. Structure of Portland Cement. Concrete. Strength of Cement and Concrete. High-Strength Cement. Reinforcing Cement and Concrete. Durability.

1. W. D. Callister, Jr.: “Materials Science and Engineering; An Introduction” - Wiley

2. W. F. Smith: “Materials Science and Engineering” - McGraw - Hill

3 . D. R. Askeland, P. P. Fulay, W. J. Wright, "The Science and Engineering of materials" – Cengage learning

4. L. Bertolini, Materiali da costruzione – Città Studi Ed. Vol. 1 e 2

5. G.Bianchi, F. Mazza, Corrosione e protezione dei metalli – Collana tecnica AIM

6. 5. Class notes