Basic formative targets:
Course formative targets:
The malformations of the genitourinary system: hypospadias, epispadias, megaureter, ureterocele, valves of the posterior urethra, syndrome of the ureteral joint, polycystic and multi-cystic kidney Hematuria: etiology, differential diagnosis and pseudohemuria Infections of the upper and lower urinary tract, including: a. Urinary tuberculosis; b. Sexually transmitted infections (HPV) Rheno-ureteral calculosis: etiology, diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment of lithiasis Urinary incontinence: physiology of urination and urinary continence, notes on urodynamic examination, neurological bladder, female urinary incontinence Obstruction of the lower urinary tract and obstructive uropathies Stenosis of the urethra LUTS (lower urinary tract symptons): obstructive and irritative symptoms of voiding disorders, uroflowmetry Benign prostatic hypertrophy: IPSS score, medical and surgical treatment (new lasers and new techniques) Prostate cancer: PSA and its derivatives (phi, 4K, MdxSelect), diagnosis (Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance), medical and surgical treatment (open, laparoscopy, robotics) Tumors of the kidney, adrenal gland and high excretory pathways, cystic renal pathologies Bladder tumors: diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment Testis tumors Andrology: erectile dysfunction, priapism, La Peyronie's disease, premature ejaculation, testicular torsion, hydrocele, varicocele, gender dysphoria Renal traumas Urological instrumentation (endoscopy, laparoscopy and robotics)
Lessons and practical exercises
NODS OF RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
DIAGNOSTIC ELEMENTS OF NEPHROPATHY
- Assessment of renal function (glomerular filtration rate, tubular function, renal blood flow)
- Evaluation of the laboratory investigations and urinalysis
- Signs and symptoms of kidney disease
- Nephrologic syndromes
- Renal Biopsy (indications and controindications)
GLOMERULAR NEPHROPATHIES
- Etiopathogenesis, classification criteria
- Main clinical features of primary and secondary glomerular diseases
- Nephrotic syndrome (causes, pathophysiology, complications)
- Nephritic syndrome (causes, pathophysiology, complications)
- Glomerular nephropathy secondary to systemic diseases (autoimmune and metabolic imprint) and to hereditary glomerular nephropathy (lupus nephritis, cryoglobulinemic nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, purpura gravidarum, Alport syndrome)
VASCULAR NEPHROPATIES
- Renal vein thrombosis
- Renal infarction
- Renal artery stenosis (renovascular hypertension: etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics)
- Nephroangiosclerosis
- Vasculitis
TUBULAR-INTERSTITIAL NEPHROPATIES
- Acute interstitial nephritis (etiology, clinical trials)
- Chronic interstitial nephritis (etiology, clinical trials)
INFECTION OF THE KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT
- Acute pyelonephritis
- Cronic pyelonephritis (etiopathogenesis and clinical trials)
- Renal tuberculosis (etiopathogenesis and clinical trials)
BACKGROUND ON THE MALFORMATION AND DYSPLASTIC NEPHROPATHY
- Abnormalities of shape, number and position of the kidney
- Cystic kidney disease: simple cysts, dysplastic cysts, polycystic kidney, sponge kidney
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
- Classification, RIFLE criteria
- Etiopathogenesis
- Diagnostic elements and clinic ,therapy
CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY (CIN)
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND KIDNEY
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
- Causes, classification, evaluation of renal function
- Pathophysiology, complications, therapy
- Metabolic disorders, disorders of fluid and electrolytes, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus
- Clinical elements and notes of dietary and alternate therapy (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, renal transplantation)
THE KIDNEY IN PREGNANCY
- Hypertensive disease of pregnancy
THE KIDNEY IN THE ELDERLY
- Pathophysiology of renal senescence
1-Schena-Selvaggi: Malattie dei Reni e delle vie Urinarie; McGraaw-Hill
2-Garibotto- Pontremoli: Manuale di nefrologia;ED. Minerva Medica
3-Clarkson-Brenner : Pocket Companion To THE KIDNEY ;Elsevier Saunders