Basic formative targets:
Course formative targets:
Goals : The course aims to provide students with the essentials knowledge of the main urological and andrological disease, the clinical course and the complications. At the end of the course, the student should know the basics of the main urological and andrological diseases and their diagnostic evaluation and the principal surgical and medical treatment.
Lessons and practical exercises
NODS OF RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
DIAGNOSTIC ELEMENTS OF NEPHROPATHY
- Assessment of renal function (glomerular filtration rate, tubular function, renal blood flow)
- Evaluation of the laboratory investigations and urinalysis
- Signs and symptoms of kidney disease
- Nephrologic syndromes
- Renal Biopsy (indications and controindications)
GLOMERULAR NEPHROPATHIES
- Etiopathogenesis, classification criteria
- Main clinical features of primary and secondary glomerular diseases
- Nephrotic syndrome (causes, pathophysiology, complications)
- Nephritic syndrome (causes, pathophysiology, complications)
- Glomerular nephropathy secondary to systemic diseases (autoimmune and metabolic imprint) and to hereditary glomerular nephropathy (lupus nephritis, cryoglobulinemic nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, purpura gravidarum, Alport syndrome)
VASCULAR NEPHROPATIES
- Renal vein thrombosis
- Renal infarction
- Renal artery stenosis (renovascular hypertension: etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics)
- Nephroangiosclerosis
- Vasculitis
TUBULAR-INTERSTITIAL NEPHROPATIES
- Acute interstitial nephritis (etiology, clinical trials)
- Chronic interstitial nephritis (etiology, clinical trials)
INFECTION OF THE KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT
- Acute pyelonephritis
- Cronic pyelonephritis (etiopathogenesis and clinical trials)
- Renal tuberculosis (etiopathogenesis and clinical trials)
BACKGROUND ON THE MALFORMATION AND DYSPLASTIC NEPHROPATHY
- Abnormalities of shape, number and position of the kidney
- Cystic kidney disease: simple cysts, dysplastic cysts, polycystic kidney, sponge kidney
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
- Classification, RIFLE criteria
- Etiopathogenesis
- Diagnostic elements and clinic ,therapy
CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY (CIN)
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND KIDNEY
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
- Causes, classification, evaluation of renal function
- Pathophysiology, complications, therapy
- Metabolic disorders, disorders of fluid and electrolytes, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus
- Clinical elements and notes of dietary and alternate therapy (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, renal transplantation)
THE KIDNEY IN PREGNANCY
- Hypertensive disease of pregnancy
THE KIDNEY IN THE ELDERLY
- Pathophysiology of renal senescence
1. Anomalies of urinary tract: hypospadias, epispadias, megaureter, ureterocele, posterior urethral
valves, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, cystic disease;
2. Haematuria: etiology, other sources of haematuria;
3. Urinary tract infections (lower and upper UTI) including:
a. Tubercolosis;
b. Sexually Transmitted Infections (like HPV);
4. Urolithiasis: etiology, diagnosis, medical and surgical management;
5. Urinary incontinence: continence mechanism, urodynamics, neurological bladder, urinary
incontinence in women;
6. Lower urinary tract obstruction:
a. Uretral stenosis;
b. LUTS (lower urinary tract symptons): storage and voiding symptoms;
c. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: IPSS score, medical and surgical management;
7. Prostate cancer: PSA and other molecular biomarkers, diagnosis, medical and surgical
management;
8. Neoplasms of kidney and upper urinary tract, renal cysts;
9. Neoplasms of the bladder: diagnosis, disease management;
10. Neoplasms of the testis;
11. Pathologies of the scrotum: testicular torsion, hydrocele, varicocele;
12. Kidney trauma.
1-Schena-Selvaggi: Malattie dei Reni e delle vie Urinarie; McGraaw-Hill
2-Garibotto- Pontremoli: Manuale di nefrologia;ED. Minerva Medica
3-Clarkson-Brenner : Pocket Companion To THE KIDNEY ;Elsevier Saunders
- Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: From Research to Bedside. Editors: Giuseppe Morgia Giorgio Russo. Paperback ISBN: 9780128113974
- Porpiglia F. – “Urologia” – editore Minerva Medica
- Collegio dei Professori Universitari di Prima Fascia in ruolo e fuori ruolo- “Manuale di Urologia e Andrologia” - Pacini Editore Medicin