Knowledge of surgical pathology with particular attention to the pathology of the head and neck district.
Frontal teaching
Tissue biopsy
-needle biopsy
-endoscopic biopsy
-surgical biopsy
-operative specimen
Management of surgical biopsy
-acceptance
-gross examination
Preparation of histological specimen
-fixation
-processing
-inclusion
-cut
-haematoxylin-eosin staining
-special stainings
Intraoperative diagnosis
Microscope observation
Histological diagnosis
Cytology
Cytological examination
- exfoliative cytology
- needle aspiration cytology
Preparation of cytological specimen
-smear
-thin layer
-cytocentrifugation
Fixation of cytological specimen
Stainings of cytological specimen
Microscope evaluation of cytological specimen
Evaluation of benign and malignant criteria
Cytological diagnosis
- diagnostic categories
Molecular morphology
-immunohistochemistry
-immunofluorescence
-fluorescent in situ hybridization
SECTION II: Anatomic Pathology- cellular damage.
Cellular response to stress. Reversible and irreversible cellular damage. Apoptosis. Cellular response to ischemia. Molecular mechanisms of cell death. Coagulative, colliquative, caseous, rubbery, haemorrhagic, fat and fibrinous necrosis.
SECTION III: Anatomic Pathology – the disorders of proliferation and cell differentiation: hyperplasia, metaplasia and neoplasia.
Cellular cycle. Cell proliferation in histological sections. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Metaplasia. Neoplasia: benign and malignant. Preneoplastic lesions: dysplasia and in situ neoplasia. Morphological invasiveness and metastasis. Histological grading of malignancy. Stadiation (TNM). Tumor classification. Molecular basis of tumor.
SECTION IV: Anatomic Pathology – flogosis and disease of immune system.
Acute and chronic flogosis. The organ-specific autoimmune diseases (Sjogren syndrome, Goodpasture syndrome, Graves disease) and systemic (SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma).
SECTION V: Systemic Anatomic Pathology.
1) Oral cavity:
Anatomy and physiology of the oral mucosa.
Infectious disease (viral infections, bacterial infections, mycotic infections).
Inflammatory disease.
Cysts and fistula (odontogenic cysts, non-odontogenic cysts, inflammatory cysts).
Melanocytic lesions.
Benign epithelial tumors of oral cavity.
Malignant epithelial tumors of oral cavity.
Odontogenic tumors.
2) Salivary glands:
Inflammatory disease.
Benign and malignant epithelial tumors (pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma).
3) Esophagus:
Congenital and acquired disease.
Reflux esophagitis and Barrett’s disease.
Benign and malignant epithelial tumors (papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma).
4) Thyroid:
Developmental changes.
Inflammatory disease.
Goiter.
Benign and malignant tumors (adenoma, papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, medullary carcinoma).
Luigi Ruco, Aldo Scarpa. Anatomia Patologica. Le basi. UTET.
Gallo, D’Amati. Anatomia Patologica. La sistematica. UTET.
Robbins e Cotran. Le basi patologiche delle malattie. 9a edizione. Elsevier