IGIENE GENERALE

Acquire knowledge, skills and abilities that will enable them to have knowledge about: health determinants and lifestyle risk factors; methodologies for the prevention of chronic diseases; mode of occurrence and spread of infections. In addition, the course aims to analyze the relationships between environment and health issues related to microbiological, chemical and physical pollution of the different environmental matrices.

Frontal lessons

Definition, basic concepts and tasks of Hygiene. Natural history of disease. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. The role of Health Education in health advocacy.

Elements of Epidemiology: definition, characteristics and purposes.

Sources and reservoirs of infection; routes of entry and elimination of pathogens; transmission mode; diffusion rates of infectious diseases.

General prophylaxis: direct prophylaxis. Specific prophylaxis: vaccine prophylaxis. Serum and Immunoglobulin prophylaxis. Chemoprophylaxis.

Epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases in relation to the transmission mode.

Epidemiology and general prevention of non-infectious diseases: causes and risk factors. Genetic risk factors, environmental, behavioral. Modification of lifestyle. Secondary prevention.

The environment and its factors; relationships with health. Environmental pollution; bioavailability and biological amplification. Chemical hazards, the main pathological effects.

Atmospheric air. Definition. Physiological importance of the air. Physical and chemical characteristics.

Effects of atmospheric change on human health, its physical and chemical characteristics. Air pollution. Harmful effects of air pollution on the environment and humans: the immediate or short-term; distance or long term. Air pollution control.

Microclimate. Physical and chemical characteristics. Air intramural and environmental well-being. Thermoregulatory mechanisms. The indices of well-being. Pollution "indoor".

Water intended for human consumption. General. Sources of supply. The water needs. Potability requirements. Criteria to judge the potability. Correction of the organoleptic, chemical character, character bacteriological.

Noise. Noise characteristics. Health effects. Prevention of noise pollution. Italian legislation.

Radiation. Ionizing radiation. Radon. Non-ionizing radiation. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields.

Liquid waste. Definition, types of waste and their quantitative characteristics. Removal and disposal of municipal wastewater. Primary treatment, secondary, tertiary, sludge treatment.

Solid waste. Definition, classification. Collection, removal and disposal.

A text of Hygiene chosen by the student.