STAGES E TIROCINI

At the end of the course, the student will have the preparation to recognize, address and solve simple and complex cases of endodontics. In particular, the student will be able to manage the endodontic emergencies and their treatment; recognize and appropriately use the main root canal shaping techniques, irrigants, obturation materials. Moreover, students will be able to manage endo-periodontal pathologies; plan and organize simple endodontic surgery; train and coordinate a chair assistant for endodontic treatments.

REQUIRED PREREQUISITES Adequate knowledge of the endodontic anatomy of single and multi-rooted teeth. Ability to mount the rubber dam. Knowledge of use sequences of endodontic stainless-steel and nickel-titanium instruments. Knowledge of commonly used products in endodontic practice.

LESSON FREQUENCY It is mandatory

Pre-clinical exercises on extracted teeth: preparation of access cavity, root canal scouting, working length determination, shaping with manual and rotary nickel titanium files, obturation of the endodontic space, post space reconstruction. Performing periapical x-rays.

Professional training in small groups on patients at the U.O.C Dental Clinic I of "Vittorio Emanuele" Hospital.

Endodontic diagnosis. Pulp vitality tests. Pulp pathology and periapical pathology. X-ray examinations in endodontics. Anaesthesia in endodontics. Endodontic pre-treatments. Field isolation. The standardized endodontic instruments. Nickel-titanium endodontic instruments with increased taper. Cleaning of the endodontic system: irrigant solutions and activation techniques. The preparation of the access cavity in the different teeth. The root canal scouting. Glide-path establishment. Working length determination. Preparation techniques of the pulpo-radicular cable. The obturation of the endodontic space: biological, material and technical principles. Properties of filling materials. Gutta percha. Endodontic sealers. Vertical compaction of warm gutta-percha according to the Schilder technique. Thermafil technique. Continuous wave condensation technique: System B and Obtura II syringe. The Microseal technique. The reconstruction of the endodontically treated teeth.

LEARNING CHECK METHODS Endodontic access cavities preparation, determination of the working length and shaping on extracted teeth, carried out in the dental units of the Dental Clinic of the "Vittorio Emanuele" Hospital (building 15), in Catania

EXAMPLES OF FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS AND / OR EXERCISES Endodontic anatomy of single and multi-rooted teeth.The rubber dam. Endodontic access cavity creations and its finishing with Batt or Endo-Z burs. Endodontic stainless-steel instruments. Endodontic nickel-titanium instruments. Determination of the working length. Radiographs in endodontics. The irrigants in endodontics. Rational of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA use during and after shaping. The obturation techniques with thermoplastic gutta-percha: System B and Thermafil. Post-space creation and restorations in endodontics.

• VARIOUS AUTHORS: SIE - Endodontic Manual - Edra Editions

• M. GAGLIANI, R. FORNARA: atlas text of endodontic anatomy - New Techniques, Milan

• F. SUM: Endodontics. Basic principles, operational procedures and techniques - Masson, Milan

• E. FOCE: endo-periodontal lesions - Quintessenza Edizioni, Rho (MI)

• G. PAGAVINO: Progress in Endodontics. - EEA, Florence

• S. COHEN, R. C. BURNS: Through the pulp (Pathways of the Pulp) - Ed. PICCIN, Padova

• E. AMBU: Illustrated Atlas of Endodontics - Masson Editore, Milan

• G. VIGLIONETTI, P. MARESCHI: Endodontics. From Art to Science - ACME Editions, Viterbo